the French historian Jean-Baptiste Duroselle spoke of the concept of multi-polarity: "A Great power is one which is capable of preserving its own independence against any other single power.
This differed from earlier writers, notably from Leopold von Ranke, who clearly had a different idea of the world situation. In his essay 'The Great Powers', written in 1833, von Ranke wrote: "If one could establish as a definition of a Great power that it must be able to maintain itself against all others, even when they are united, then Frederick has raised Prussia to that position."
Lord Castlereagh, the British foreign secretary, first used the term in its diplomatic context, writing on 13 February 1814: "there is every prospect of the Congress terminating with a general accord and Guarantee between the Great powers of Europe, with a determination to support the arrangement agreed upon, and to turn the general influence and if necessary the general arms against the Power that shall first attempt to disturb the Continental peace."
我想世界上,近幾百年來,強國各自採用了不同的傾向,互相之間的博弈也是你中有我,我中有你。我想指出的是,一個強國有沒有可能able to maintain itself against all others, even when they are united?美國是super power,前蘇聯恐怕也是。美國,或者前蘇聯,能不能maintain itself against all others, even when they are united?答案應該是否定的。
但是,偉大的中華復興呢?彎道超車是個什麼東東?就是要超吧,爭第一吧。我不由得想起十幾年前,有一次我跟一位華為的資深專家聊華為為什麼能成功。他說華為的最主要的法寶,就是找一個對手,領先的世界第一,緊盯着,千方百計抄,各種辦法偷。比如世界領先路由器廠商思科領先的路由器,華為就做一個多幾個網口和卡,其它一樣的東西,然後宣布自己的是更牛的產品。這種思維和方法論最終會是演變成黑寡婦,看其它女性都不入眼的,也就是great power的一個定義:able to maintain itself against all others, even when they are united。中共的外交官近來經常講的“中國人不吃那一套”,跟習近平當初在墨西哥講的外國人多管閒事是一脈相承的。我認為中共,包括很多中國人都有able to maintain itself against all others, even when they are united的底氣,否則就不是什麼中華復興了。 從心理學角度來看,這基本是卑後亢的反彈,橡皮筋功能。
為什麼我說這也是寄生思維呢?因為需要一個對手,強大的領先的對手,可以抄,偷,學,然後嘴亢混過去。黑寡婦能maintain itself against all others, even when they are united?I seriously doubt it。
OK,英國人發明,美國人傳承的great power博弈,是不同的。英國人在19世紀中,二十世紀初,內部有多種競爭的流派。一種是維護,維持大英commonwealth,並且繼續擴張,另一個是引導並玩弄強國之間的博弈。第一次世界大戰時,英國國內有很激烈的辯論,英國需要不要參戰?即便是現在,也時常會有一些相關話題的辯論。一戰的結果,讓英國內部精英和權貴採用了引導並玩弄強國之間的博弈的政策方向,因為自身無法維持great power status,更談不上擴張,這才是後來支持各種殖民地獨立的根本原因。也就是說英國人很明智,they know they were not able to maintain itself against all others, even when they are united。怎麼引導並玩弄強國之間的博弈?英國人有一個世界需要三個power互相競爭博弈的理論,只有那樣才最符合英國的利益。不久前我介紹了幾本書,其中詳細描述了英國人的great game策略。具體,二十世紀二戰後,美蘇兩極不夠,歐洲屬於美國控制,還會是不穩定,需要引進第三方,中國或者印度。這跟美國本土精英權貴主張建立世界新秩序是匹配的。ideal model是一個精英synarchism控制的世界,下面至少要有三個great power,互相競爭,博弈,歐洲原來的多極嘗試過了,美蘇兩極也玩過了,美國單極也玩的差不多了,it is time for a new world order,synarchism下面三極,或者多極,控制這幾極的辦法其實很明顯,也簡單,健康,安全,反恐,也就是習近平主席經常念的滿足人民日益增加的,嚮往美好生活的需求。
OK,在我的這個認知框架里,美國玩中共的中國,還是中共玩美國? 當然都不是,都是我和我的兄弟在樓上俱樂部頂樓里設計的。我也不能說是我們在玩弄美國和中國,只是順應他們各自的主要需求。比如,中共的中國要鼓吹中華復興,而且還要黑寡婦那樣建立能力to maintain itself against all others, even when they are united。美國要不勞而獲,享受另類高質量寄生生活,至少還要十年,這兩者都還會繼續這個path,互相需要對方,why not let them? 等到技術ready,實用後,whatever problem both of them created,will be solved easily,such as 健康,安全,反恐等等,we control everything。
這篇的最後,我想說,不僅僅是中國人民,世界也需要習近平,我和我兄弟也需要,不管你反對還是支持,you just have to deal with it!