前一陣子有位網友介紹了篇相當有趣的文章：《一百五十個人的死亡體驗》http://113.twforum.com/forums/showthread.php?t=83538

偶也找了相關的東東附庸了一下

http://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%9D%88%E9%AD%82%E5%87%BA%E7%AB%85

靈魂出竅，又稱出體經驗，是神秘學中，靈魂離開了生物的肉體，在肉體外活動的行為及經驗。很多人聲稱擁有出體經驗，也有人聲稱任何人透過訓練也可獲得出體能力，但至2006年為止尚沒有正式科學理據支援。

「靈魂出竅」通常包括身體的浮游狀態，有時候，經歷這種現象的人還會在身體以外的地方看到其肉體。十個人當中，大約有一個人聲稱曾經有靈魂出竅的經驗。有些人的經驗是自發獲得的，有些人的經驗則與某些危險行為扯上關係，例如夢遊，瀕死經驗，或者是精神科藥物。有些人可以在冥想或清醒夢當中獲取靈魂出竅的經驗。新近的研究，發現可以藉刺激腦葉及腦回來獲得靈魂出竅的經驗。

不小心找到篇相當好玩的文章  

Random Walks: Tunnel Vision

它從鐵達泥號寫來，寫了關於NDEs的小說，也評論[美]雷蒙德.A.穆迪著羅漢的《一百五十個人的死亡體驗》，由於文章相當長，加上又找了其他資料，所以只將自己覺得有趣的部分摘了過來….

The man responsible for coining the term \"near-death experience\" is Raymond Moody, an MD who has written several books on the afterlife based on patient testimonials, who believes NDEs are evidence of a soul (consciousness that exists separately from the brain), and evidence of the existence of an afterlife.

鑄造出 \"瀕死體驗（near-death experience，NDE）\"這詞彙最主要的人物是 Raymond Moody的醫生，他根據病人的陳述寫了好幾本有關afterlife（身後？）的書，他認為 NDEs 是證明了靈魂（分離於腦而獨立存在的意識）和來世存在的證據。

He\'s even boiled the typical NDE down to a few key features.

他甚至炒紅了（boiled）了幾個典型的NEDs關鍵特徵：

First, there\'s a strange kind of noise, alternately described as a ringing or a buzzing.

首先，會有奇怪的噪音

There is a sense of blissful peace, and often an out-of-body experience (feeling as if one is floating above one\'s body and observing it from that vantage point).

感到平靜，常有出體經驗（OBE，感到自飄在空中，從外界看到自己）

There\'s that light at the end of the tunnel, being met by loved ones, angels, or other religious figures, and a kind of \"life review\" -- seeing one\'s life flash before one\'s eyes.

有個黑暗的通道，通道盡頭一片光亮。

也許一生就像跑馬登一樣從眼前閃過

詳細可參考： http://science.howstuffworks.com/near-death-experience.htm

But as the Skeptic\'s Dictionary helpfully points out, Moody\'s books ignore the fact that as many as 15% of NDEs are outright hellish experiences.

但Skeptic\'s 字典( http://skepdic.com/nde.html )裡指出，Moody 的書忽視有多達15 ％的NDEs 是有如地獄般的經驗。

該篇文章也寫了近代有關 NDEs的研究。。。指出這應該是個缺氧的過程，機轉與REM類似。

It\'s not all mystical New Age spiritualism, or even overt religiosity.
這不全然是新時代的神秘唯心論或甚至宗教狂熱。
There have been some solid scientific studies of what happens to the brain during such events, most notably a 2001 Dutch study published in the prestigious British medical journal, The Lancet .
但也是有一些紮實的科學的研究，在這樣的事件中到底腦部發生了什麼，最著名的是荷蘭的研究者於2001年發表在蠻有聲望的英國醫學雜誌 The Lancet。
The researchers examined 344 patients who were resuscitated after suffering cardiac arrest, and interviewed them within a week afterwards about what -- if anything -- they remembered.
這報告研究了344名因心臟驟停被救回的患者，於復甦後一星期內採訪他們這瀕死經驗中他們記得什麼事。
The results were a bit startling: about 18% reported being able to recall some portion of what happened when they were clinically dead, and between 8 and 12 percent said they experienced some form of an NDE.
結果有點觸目驚心：約18 ％的患者能夠記得他們在臨床上已經死亡的過程中部分的事，介乎八~十二％的人表示他們經歷過某種形式的NDEs。

Neurochemistry offers some convincing alternative explanations, namely, that NDEs aren\'t evidence of an afterlife, but illusions created by a dying (oxygen deprived) brain. Cardiac arrest and the anesthesias used in ERs are capable of triggering NDE-like brain states.
神經化學家提供了一些令人信服的另類解釋，即，NDEs 並不是顯示有來世的證據，只是一個垂死（氧氣剝奪）的大腦製造出來的幻覺。心跳驟停及作用於 ERs 的麻醉法也能夠誘發類似NDE的大腦狀態。
The Dutch researchers found that \"similar experiences can be induced through electrical stimulation of the temporal lobe,\" for instance, as can neurochemicals such as endorphins and serotonin, and hallucinogenic drugs like LSD and mescaline.
荷蘭的研究人員發現， \"可通過電刺激顳葉，誘發類似的經歷\" 也就是誘發神經化學物質腦內啡和血清素，導致幻劑LSD和mescaline一樣的作用。

Last October, an article in New Scientist described a new theory by University of Kentucky neurophysiologist Kevin Nelson attributing NDEs
to a kind of \"REM intrusion\" : \"Elements of NDE bear uncanny similarity to the REM state,\" he told the magazine.
去年10月，由美國肯塔基大學神經內科醫生Kevin Nelson在University of Kentucky New Scientist發表的一篇文章，提出一個新理論把 NDEs 歸因於一種 \"REM intrusion（REM入侵，REM是睡眠的快速動眼時期→這時期人在作夢中）\"他告訴該雜誌 \"NDE的元素與REM狀態非常相像\"。
He describes REM intrusion as \"a glitch in the brain\'s circuitry that, in times of extreme stress, may flip it into a mixed state of awareness where is is both in REM sleep and partially awake at the same time.\"
他形容 REM入侵 為 \"在極度壓力下，對大腦電路的干擾，可將意識翻轉成半夢半醒間混亂的狀態。
Something similar might be happening with NDEs, he reasons, although the jury is still out on that particular hypothesis.
儘管一般仍將他推偵測的原因列為假設。


Karl Jansen has managed to induce NDEs with ketamine, a hallucenogenic related to PCP, but far less destructive; it\'s an anesthetic that works not just by dulling pain, but by creating a dissociative state.
Karl Jansen 以 Ketamine 一種類似PCP但破壞性遠低於PCP的幻覺劑，這是一種製造一個游離狀態降低痛覺的麻藥。
According to Jansen, the conditions that give rise to NDEs -- low oxygen, low blood flow, low blood sugar, and so forth -- can kill brain cells,
and the brain often responds by triggering a flood of chemicals very similar to ketamine to protect those cells, which would produce \"out of body\" sensations and possibly even hallucinations.
根據Jansen說明，可以殺死腦細胞的低氧，低血流量，低血糖等等條件，可誘發大腦為保護腦細胞讓神經作用物質泛流引起NDEs的反應非常類似Ketamine的作用，能產生出體的幻覺。

Jansen claims his approach can reproduce all the main elements Moody attributes to NDEs: the dark tunnel with a light at the end, out of body experiences, strange noises, communing with god, and so on.
Jansen聲稱他的方法可以複製所有Moody 的MDEs的主要特徵：有光亮盡頭的黑暗隧道、出體經驗、奇怪的噪音。。。。。等等。


Why do so many people see a light at the end of the tunnel? Susan Blackmore, a psychology professor at the University of the West of England in Bristol, thinks she might have an explanation: neural noise.
為什麼這麼多人看到一個有光在盡頭的隧道？ University of the West of England in Bristol的心理學系教授Susan Blackmore 認為這是一種神經噪音。

During cardiac arrest, in the throes of death, the brain is deprived of oxygen, causing brain cells to fire rapidly and quite randomly in the visual cortex.There are lots of cells firing in the middle, and fewer towards the outer edge, producing white light in the center fading into dark at the outer edges.
在心跳驟停，在死亡的痛處中，大腦缺氧，造成在視覺皮層的腦細胞隨意激發。大部份的激發在中央而較少在外側緣，這產生光亮盡頭的隧道。

That feeling of peace and well-being might be due to the fact that the brain is pumping out endorphins in response to pain, which can produce a dream-like state of euphoria.
感到平和與幸福這種感覺的原因，可能是大腦因應疼痛釋出腦內啡，這可產生一種作夢般的陶醉感。

That same cerebral anoxia might also cause the strange buzzing or ringing sound people claim to hear when they enter an NDE.
腦缺氧也可能產生NDE的奇怪的嗡嗡或響鈴音樂。

看這張照片時，感覺是蠻好玩的
記得以前修人類發展時看過一些百科
中間有張圖片就是模擬新生兒的視覺發展
就是中間有光亮模糊的影像四周是黑暗而更模模糊糊的，若人類的啟動關機一如電腦程式。。。。。