契經描述說，餓鬼趣人缺乏信心，所以總是飢餓難耐。他們發現了食物，吃的時候認為，此物可果腹；吃完了，他們又什麼都不信了，信心只有舌頭那麼長。惡鬼總是居於草木荒蕪，饑荒瘟疫橫行的世界，天空中沒有希望。惡鬼的鬼字是說他們不會在光天化日之下做事，他們做生意正常人看不見。

Harmony Sutras describe that hungry ghosts lack faith, so they are always hungry. When they discovered food and eat it, they believe it can ease their hunger; after eating, they believe nothing again. Their faith was only as long as their tongues. Hungry ghosts always live in a world where vegetation is barren, famine and plague are rampant, and there is no hope in the sky. The word ghost for hungry ghosts means that they do not do things in broad daylight, doing business is invisible to normal people.

餓鬼亦遍諸趣，有福德者，作諸處神；無福德者，居不淨處，常受飢餓，其苦無量。就出生而言，餓鬼有胎生、卵生、濕生、化生。惡鬼經劫無數，壽量亦不定，極長者可達人間的千歲。在三惡道中，惡鬼亦作刀途，是說他們常常攜槍持刀，常受刀箭逼迫，如圖13.1.3-20。用現代的話說，他們喜歡攜槍帶炮，所以常常被炸彈和自殺式無人機炸。

Hungry ghosts are also present in all places. Those with merit are gods in various places; those without merit live in filthy places, where they are often hungry and suffer immeasurably. In terms of birth, hungry ghosts are born in the womb, in the egg, in the wet, and in the conversion. Hungry ghosts undergo countless disasters, and their lifespan varies, the longest ones can reach a thousand years of human even a catastrophe. Among the Three Ferocious Paths, the hungry ghost interest is Sword Path, which means that they often carry clubs and knives, therefore they are often arrowed upon, as shown in Fig. 13.1.3-20. In modern parlance, hungry ghosts like to carry guns and artillery, so they often get bombed and suicide drones.

插圖35表明惡鬼常常被譏笑、謾罵、和毆打，所以他們總是充滿怨恨和惱火。圖36表明由於貪嗔痴的增上作用，餓鬼生活在貧瘠的土地上，而且總是處於風暴、地震、瘟疫、通貨膨脹和戰爭之中。

Illustration 35 shows that hungry ghost is often ridiculed, abused, and beaten, so they are always full of resentment and annoyance. Illustration 36 shows that hungry ghosts live on barren land and are always in the midst of tornados, earthquakes, pestilence, inflation, and wars due to the escalatory effects of greed irritation and ignorance.

圖40是歐洲人殖民美洲年代，一群西班牙餓鬼在搶劫墨西哥的富人。圖42是古墨西哥給西班牙的投降書（《Lienzo de Tlaxala》，約在公元1552年）；筆者盧岩將其核心（如圖41）翻譯如下：

Figure 40 shows a group of Spanish hungry ghosts looting wealthy Mexicans during the European colonization of the Americas. Figure 42 is the surrender of ancient Mexico to Spain (Lienzo de Tlaxala, circa 1552 A.D.); the author Adam Luyan translates its core (as in Figure 41) below:

標題是《翠玉女戳破泥血歌利王的圈套》（如41-1所示）。餓鬼對翠玉女說：“你們現在已經沒有有能力作戰的男人了；你翠玉女作為眾生之母可以代表墨西哥向我們投降。告訴我，我們是怎樣征服你們的？”圖42中大部分的圖畫表現的是大屠殺。

The title is "Chalchiuhtlicue Penetrates through the Trap of King Mud-blood Song-Profit" (as shown in 41-1). The Hungry Ghost said: "You have no men capable of fighting now; you, Chalchiuhtlicue, as Mother of All Livings can surrender to us on behalf of Mexico. Tell me, how did we conquer you?" Most of the drawings in Figure 42 show the massacres.

翠玉女（即現在墨西哥國旗上的那隻鷹或鳳凰，是夏娃，是不可戰勝的）說： “（圖41-2）你們的青松石王子（即造物主，上帝）被毒品感染了，只知道索取。（41-3）搶奪來的財物是你們的鐐銬，（41-4）你們是生活在這強盜所得的土地和房屋之中的囚徒。（41-5）你們給我們的 “意思食” （Mana，上帝賜予的食物，教法）讓我們生病，變得弱小而墮入地下。（6）你們束縛了我們的四肢，囚禁了我們的身體，（7）但我們的靈魂是自由的。我的傭女們瞧不起你們。”

Chalchiuhtlicue (that is the eagle or phoenix that is now on the Mexican flag, is Eve, is invincible) replied: "(Fig. 41-2 shows) Your Prince of Turquoise (i.e., Creator, God) is infected with opium poppy and only knows to fetch. (Fig. 41-3) The looted possessions are your shackles, (Fig. 41-4) You are prisoners living in the land and houses obtained by robbery. (41-5) The "mean food" (i.e., mana, God-given food, teachings) you give us makes us weak, sick, and fall into the ground. (41-6) You have bound our limbs and imprisoned our flesh bodies, (41-7) but our spirits are free. My maids despise you."

作下品十惡者，感此道生，可約境，約心，約事來辨別。

一、境下品者，奪人天命，盜人天物等。

二、心下品者，微小貪嗔等。

三、事下品者，或偶一作，或旋知悔改等。

以要言之，但從任運煩惱所起惡業，名為下品十惡，故是餓鬼因。

Those who commit the Ten Lower Grade Ferocities can be identified by their environments, hearts, and affairs.

First, environments of the lower grade, taking the lives of human and sky, stealing assets from humans and skies, etc.

Second, hearts of the lower grade, with a little greed and irritation etc.

Thirdly, affairs of the lower grade, doing occasionally, or repenting of in a moment, and so on.

To summarize, the ferocious karmas arising from the randomly consequentially annoyances, are named as the ten lower ferocities, therefore, those are the causes of hungry ghosts.

為什麼夏娃是天下無敵？因為全世界就只有一個上帝，就是神父、亞當、和夏娃三人組，而且夏娃的性格就只喜歡勝利，不喜歡失敗。夏娃失敗了就不高興，不高興的夏娃是殃；所以誰戰勝了夏娃，他就沒有上帝了。

Why is Eve invincible? Because there is only one God in the whole world, which is the trinity of Godfather, Adam, and Eve, and Eve's personality just likes to win, not to lose. Eve is unhappy when she fails, and unhappy Eve is Misfortune; so, whoever claims victory over Eve would have no God anymore.

惡鬼的種類繁多，大別有三種九類：

There are many kinds of hungry ghosts, roughly three categories nine types:

一、無財鬼，言無財者以不得飲食故，有三類：（一）炬口，謂於口中，常出猛焰；（二）針咽，頭腹如山，咽喉如針；（三）臭口，口如臭屍。

First, ghosts without wealth, who are said to be without wealth because they can not gain food and drink, are of three kinds: (1) torch mouth, which is said to be in the mouth, often emitting fierce flames; (2) needle throat, which is like a mountain in the head and abdomen, but like a needle in the throat; and (3) stinking mouth, which is like the mouth of a stinking corpse.

二、少財鬼，言少財者，以少得飲食故，有三類：（一）針毛，身毛如針，還自刺身，出血而食；（二）臭毛，身毛臭穢；（三）大癭，項中有癭，以手抉膿，還自食。

Second, less wealth ghosts, said less wealth, because they get less food and drink, there are three types: (a) needle hair, body hairs like needles, but also self-pricked body, bleeding, and they eat those; (b) stinking hairs, body hairs stinks foul; (c) big galls, galls in the neck, with the hand to choose the pus, and eat those.

三、多財鬼，言多財者以多得飲食故，有三類：（一）得棄，常得棄食；（二）得失，常得遺失之食；（三）勢力，此復有三：（1）夜叉，亦作勇健暴惡貴人，有三種，在地，在天，在虛空；（2）羅剎，亦作可畏食人鬼；惡鬼之通名也；（3）啖精鬼，食人精氣之鬼也。

Third, much wealth ghosts, said much wealth, because they get more food and drink, have three types: (1) to get abandoned, often get abandoned food; (2) to get lost, often get lost food; (3) the potential power, further divided into three types: (A) Valiant Ferocious Nobles, again three types of: On Land, In Air, and At Empty; (B) Rakshasa, is a common name for all hungry ghosts, is also known as the Fearful Man-eating Ghost; (3) munching sperm ghost, the type of ghosts particularly loves to suck and chew the essences of the human body.

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