契经描述说，饿鬼趣人缺乏信心，所以总是饥饿难耐。他们发现了食物，吃的时候认为，此物可果腹；吃完了，他们又什么都不信了，信心只有舌头那么长。恶鬼总是居于草木荒芜，饥荒瘟疫横行的世界，天空中没有希望。恶鬼的鬼字是说他们不会在光天化日之下做事，他们做生意正常人看不见。

Harmony Sutras describe that hungry ghosts lack faith, so they are always hungry. When they discovered food and eat it, they believe it can ease their hunger; after eating, they believe nothing again. Their faith was only as long as their tongues. Hungry ghosts always live in a world where vegetation is barren, famine and plague are rampant, and there is no hope in the sky. The word ghost for hungry ghosts means that they do not do things in broad daylight, doing business is invisible to normal people.

饿鬼亦遍诸趣，有福德者，作诸处神；无福德者，居不净处，常受饥饿，其苦无量。就出生而言，饿鬼有胎生、卵生、湿生、化生。恶鬼经劫无数，寿量亦不定，极长者可达人间的千岁。在三恶道中，恶鬼亦作刀途，是说他们常常携枪持刀，常受刀箭逼迫，如图13.1.3-20。用现代的话说，他们喜欢携枪带炮，所以常常被炸弹和自杀式无人机炸。

Hungry ghosts are also present in all places. Those with merit are gods in various places; those without merit live in filthy places, where they are often hungry and suffer immeasurably. In terms of birth, hungry ghosts are born in the womb, in the egg, in the wet, and in the conversion. Hungry ghosts undergo countless disasters, and their lifespan varies, the longest ones can reach a thousand years of human even a catastrophe. Among the Three Ferocious Paths, the hungry ghost interest is Sword Path, which means that they often carry clubs and knives, therefore they are often arrowed upon, as shown in Fig. 13.1.3-20. In modern parlance, hungry ghosts like to carry guns and artillery, so they often get bombed and suicide drones.

插图35表明恶鬼常常被讥笑、谩骂、和殴打，所以他们总是充满怨恨和恼火。图36表明由于贪嗔痴的增上作用，饿鬼生活在贫瘠的土地上，而且总是处于风暴、地震、瘟疫、通货膨胀和战争之中。

Illustration 35 shows that hungry ghost is often ridiculed, abused, and beaten, so they are always full of resentment and annoyance. Illustration 36 shows that hungry ghosts live on barren land and are always in the midst of tornados, earthquakes, pestilence, inflation, and wars due to the escalatory effects of greed irritation and ignorance.

图40是欧洲人殖民美洲年代，一群西班牙饿鬼在抢劫墨西哥的富人。图42是古墨西哥给西班牙的投降书（《Lienzo de Tlaxala》，约在公元1552年）；笔者卢岩将其核心（如图41）翻译如下：

Figure 40 shows a group of Spanish hungry ghosts looting wealthy Mexicans during the European colonization of the Americas. Figure 42 is the surrender of ancient Mexico to Spain (Lienzo de Tlaxala, circa 1552 A.D.); the author Adam Luyan translates its core (as in Figure 41) below:

标题是《翠玉女戳破泥血歌利王的圈套》（如41-1所示）。饿鬼对翠玉女说：“你们现在已经没有有能力作战的男人了；你翠玉女作为众生之母可以代表墨西哥向我们投降。告诉我，我们是怎样征服你们的？”图42中大部分的图画表现的是大屠杀。

The title is "Chalchiuhtlicue Penetrates through the Trap of King Mud-blood Song-Profit" (as shown in 41-1). The Hungry Ghost said: "You have no men capable of fighting now; you, Chalchiuhtlicue, as Mother of All Livings can surrender to us on behalf of Mexico. Tell me, how did we conquer you?" Most of the drawings in Figure 42 show the massacres.

翠玉女（即现在墨西哥国旗上的那只鹰或凤凰，是夏娃，是不可战胜的）说： “（图41-2）你们的青松石王子（即造物主，上帝）被毒品感染了，只知道索取。（41-3）抢夺来的财物是你们的镣铐，（41-4）你们是生活在这强盗所得的土地和房屋之中的囚徒。（41-5）你们给我们的 “意思食” （Mana，上帝赐予的食物，教法）让我们生病，变得弱小而堕入地下。（6）你们束缚了我们的四肢，囚禁了我们的身体，（7）但我们的灵魂是自由的。我的佣女们瞧不起你们。”

Chalchiuhtlicue (that is the eagle or phoenix that is now on the Mexican flag, is Eve, is invincible) replied: "(Fig. 41-2 shows) Your Prince of Turquoise (i.e., Creator, God) is infected with opium poppy and only knows to fetch. (Fig. 41-3) The looted possessions are your shackles, (Fig. 41-4) You are prisoners living in the land and houses obtained by robbery. (41-5) The "mean food" (i.e., mana, God-given food, teachings) you give us makes us weak, sick, and fall into the ground. (41-6) You have bound our limbs and imprisoned our flesh bodies, (41-7) but our spirits are free. My maids despise you."

作下品十恶者，感此道生，可约境，约心，约事来辨别。

一、境下品者，夺人天命，盗人天物等。

二、心下品者，微小贪嗔等。

三、事下品者，或偶一作，或旋知悔改等。

以要言之，但从任运烦恼所起恶业，名为下品十恶，故是饿鬼因。

Those who commit the Ten Lower Grade Ferocities can be identified by their environments, hearts, and affairs.

First, environments of the lower grade, taking the lives of human and sky, stealing assets from humans and skies, etc.

Second, hearts of the lower grade, with a little greed and irritation etc.

Thirdly, affairs of the lower grade, doing occasionally, or repenting of in a moment, and so on.

To summarize, the ferocious karmas arising from the randomly consequentially annoyances, are named as the ten lower ferocities, therefore, those are the causes of hungry ghosts.

为什么夏娃是天下无敌？因为全世界就只有一个上帝，就是神父、亚当、和夏娃三人组，而且夏娃的性格就只喜欢胜利，不喜欢失败。夏娃失败了就不高兴，不高兴的夏娃是殃；所以谁战胜了夏娃，他就没有上帝了。

Why is Eve invincible? Because there is only one God in the whole world, which is the trinity of Godfather, Adam, and Eve, and Eve's personality just likes to win, not to lose. Eve is unhappy when she fails, and unhappy Eve is Misfortune; so, whoever claims victory over Eve would have no God anymore.

恶鬼的种类繁多，大别有三种九类：

There are many kinds of hungry ghosts, roughly three categories nine types:

一、无财鬼，言无财者以不得饮食故，有三类：（一）炬口，谓于口中，常出猛焰；（二）针咽，头腹如山，咽喉如针；（三）臭口，口如臭尸。

First, ghosts without wealth, who are said to be without wealth because they can not gain food and drink, are of three kinds: (1) torch mouth, which is said to be in the mouth, often emitting fierce flames; (2) needle throat, which is like a mountain in the head and abdomen, but like a needle in the throat; and (3) stinking mouth, which is like the mouth of a stinking corpse.

二、少财鬼，言少财者，以少得饮食故，有三类：（一）针毛，身毛如针，还自刺身，出血而食；（二）臭毛，身毛臭秽；（三）大瘿，项中有瘿，以手抉脓，还自食。

Second, less wealth ghosts, said less wealth, because they get less food and drink, there are three types: (a) needle hair, body hairs like needles, but also self-pricked body, bleeding, and they eat those; (b) stinking hairs, body hairs stinks foul; (c) big galls, galls in the neck, with the hand to choose the pus, and eat those.

三、多财鬼，言多财者以多得饮食故，有三类：（一）得弃，常得弃食；（二）得失，常得遗失之食；（三）势力，此复有三：（1）夜叉，亦作勇健暴恶贵人，有三种，在地，在天，在虚空；（2）罗刹，亦作可畏食人鬼；恶鬼之通名也；（3）啖精鬼，食人精气之鬼也。

Third, much wealth ghosts, said much wealth, because they get more food and drink, have three types: (1) to get abandoned, often get abandoned food; (2) to get lost, often get lost food; (3) the potential power, further divided into three types: (A) Valiant Ferocious Nobles, again three types of: On Land, In Air, and At Empty; (B) Rakshasa, is a common name for all hungry ghosts, is also known as the Fearful Man-eating Ghost; (3) munching sperm ghost, the type of ghosts particularly loves to suck and chew the essences of the human body.

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