1）诺贝尔文学奖是根据诺贝尔的遗嘱： http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/literature/ “one part to the person who shall have produced in the field of literature the most outstanding work in an ideal direction ...” (Excerpt from the will of Alfred Nobel)” 中文意思应该是： “在理想的方向上产生文学领域中最杰出作品的那部分人……”
"in an ideal direction" 的瑞典原文是“i idealisk riktning” 见 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfred_Nobel
