Alito
大法官不忌讳谈论在新冠肺炎疫情被整个社会完全justify的各种行政措施,深深地刺痛了左派的神经,却让我感到如沐春风!他提到各种政府行政措施“在新冠疫情期间对个人自由的超乎想象限制(unimaginable
restrictions on individual liberty)”
,同时也提到了在堕胎权,同性婚姻,以及宪法第二修正案(拥枪权)等事上不合理的侵犯宗教信仰自由和个人自由的情形。美国社会是个法治社会(rule
of law society),在这样的社会,无论是个人,团体还是政府,都承担维护法治的角色(We the people –
individuals, institutions, and governments – all play a role in
maintaining the rule of
law)。没有任何个人或团体或政府可以超越法律,都在法律面前平等,都对同样的法律负责,有公开公正程序执行法律(where no one is
above the law, everyone is treated equally under the
law, everyone is held accountable to the same laws, there are clear and
fair processes for enforcing laws)。
在Alito大法官发言快结束的时候,他引用了一段前美国著名法官Learned Hand的一段话作为结束,这段话是:“Liberty lies in the hearts of men and women; when it dies there, no constitution, no law, no court can save it; no constitution, no law, no court can even do much to help it.”
让我把Learned Hand法官在“The Spirit of Liberty”演讲上的这段话我再引用全一点:
“I often wonder whether we do not rest our hopes too much upon constitutions, upon laws, and upon courts. These are false hopes; believe me, these are false hopes.Liberty lies in the hearts of men and women; when it dies there, no constitution, no law, no court can save it; no constitution, no law, no court can even do much to help it. While it lies there, it needs no constitution, no law, no court to save it. And what is this liberty which must lie in the hearts of men and women? It is not the ruthless, the unbridled will; it is not freedom to do as one likes. That is the denial of liberty, and leads straight to its overthrow.”
在美国大选前,我个人一直希望川普总统能够有第二任,但是我对美国的未来并不抱多大希望,我认为川普总统即使连任,他在任能做的只能像海明威小说《老人与海》中的老人与大海搏斗的结果一样,老人最后拖回岸的是一句大鱼的头尾和骨架,川总能保住的是美国的法律框架,但是这个国家建立这个法治框架的信仰(如同鱼的生命)离开了,民众变了(只剩骨架无肉,那个法律针对的人群没了)。Learned
Hand
看到了这一点,他说,不要对宪法,法律,法庭抱多大希望,自由,在人的心中,如果在那里死了,无论是任何宪法,法律,还是法庭都不能拯救它。当它还在人心中的时候,你不需要宪法,法律,法庭来救它。在人心中的自由不是无理由无节制的任意而行的自由,自由不是你喜欢什么就做什么,那是否定自由,并且直接导致推翻它。