2022-9-18

上一次在《奶杯小史》中說過：

• 奶杯傳到中國，再被大規模出口創匯，肯定是在乾隆後期以後的事情了。通常是和茶壺及其它餐具成套搭配的，有叄種固定的制式，即頭盔式的，廣口式的，還有一種，就是蹲鳥式的。而且叄種制式，都不帶蓋兒。

其實奶杯中的一大類，也就是蹲鳥式的奶杯，是有帶蓋兒的，也有不帶蓋兒的。早期（康熙以前）的帶蓋兒，盛熱牛奶用的，後期（雍正以後）的不帶蓋兒，放涼牛奶用的。都是配茶用的，是英國茶文化的一部分，雖然戴上了蓋子，看起來怪怪的：

• The earliest silver jugs, from the first decade of the 18th century, stood 5 or 6 inches tall, had D-shaped handles, spouts like beaks, and hinged domed lids, for the fashion at this time was for hot milk in tea. (This rather undermines the commonly held idea that cold milk was added to the tea bowl before the tea in order to prevent the porcelain from cracking.) In keeping with the new trend, the Duke of Grafton had a set of tea wares made in 1712, and the milk jug that was included with the teapot and sugar bowl had an ivory handle, a sharp spout, and a high domed lid. As the trend for milk in tea grew, the demand for jugs made of silver, porcelain, or pottery also increased. According to Colin Spencer, author of British Food: An Extraordinary Thousand Years of History, The East India Company’s sales of oriental porcelain included milk pots, with or without covers, in 1706, but not earlier. The fashion for hot milk does not seem to have lasted very long for, after around 1720, tiny, elegant jugs for cream or cold milk had no lid, were curvaceous and pear-shaped or squat and boat-shaped, with wide generous spouts, and three or four claw feet or a solid round base. 

Gilt White Glaze Coffee Pot - Monogram 'NB'
Qianlong/Jiaqing period, Qing dynasty
Width inclusive of handle 15.3 cm, height 17 cm. Foot ring's diam. 8.9 cm
Collection of the City Museum of Gothenburg

• Chinese export porcelain milk jug, circa 1740 to 1780, with floral decoration added in London and silver chain embellishment attached to keep lid and jug together. 

這種陶瓷奶杯的最早創意，來源是盛熱牛奶而用的金屬器：

• Pear-shaped silver hot milk jug (6 inches high) with wooden handle made in London in 1704 by Richard Sying. 
  

奶杯帶不帶蓋兒，從口沿是不是沙口就可以看出來，沙口的肯定帶蓋，之所以沙口還不帶蓋兒，是因為在流傳的過程中蓋兒碎了或是失群了。

• Chinese export underglaze blue cream jug with double-strap handle and decorated with a scene of pavilions set amongst trees around a lake, and with a boat crossing the lake. 
  

特此補充。