2024-6-15
雕版印刷是国人最早发明的,大概没错。于是在中华文化圈,包括韩国和日本,都发展了自己独特的雕版印刷技术,尤其是小日本的浮世绘,把雕版印刷发展到了极致。而且雕版印刷,最早的目的是为了传播佛经,中国和韩国外加上四书五经,日本的浮世绘则加上了对战争和世俗生活的记录和宣传。可是在十九世纪随着西方通过鸦片战争打开了中国的大门,英国本土也开始尝试用木雕版,用来印刷英文百科全书传播科学文化知识了,算是木雕版中的另类,别具一格,暂称之为西刻版或英刻版,持续了大概半个多世纪,就被铅版印刷取代了,可谓是昙花一现。在爱丁堡的苏格兰国家历史博物馆里,就存有超过两万块这样的木雕版,用的是上好的黄杨木(Boxwood),全是英文和图像,质量精湛,巍巍壮观。其中的七千块,是1859年用来印刷钱穆博兄弟出版发行的钱穆博百科全书(Chambers's Encyclopaedia)的插图的。
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There are over 20,000 wood engraving blocks in the W. & R. Chambers Collection at National Museums Scotland. Over 7,000 of these blocks were created to print the illustrations in Chambers’s Encyclopaedia, which was first published in 1859.
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1859年发行的月刊《钱穆博百科全书》(Chambers's Encyclopaedia)木雕版 - 苏格兰国家博物馆藏。 |
| 
1859年发行的月刊《钱穆博百科全书》(Chambers's Encyclopaedia)的封面 - 英国伦敦大英图书馆藏。 | 
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The firm of W. & R. Chambers was founded in 1832 by two brothers, William (1800-1883) and Robert (1802-1871). From humble beginnings as a small-time bookseller and hand-press printer, over the decades the company acquired a global reputation for its educational books, periodicals, dictionaries and encyclopaedias.
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百科全书中的人体解剖(左侧是木刻雕版,右边是印刷品)
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百科全书中的罗马废墟(左侧是木刻雕版,右边是印刷品)
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百科全书中的中国媒婆(左侧是木刻雕版,右边是印刷品)
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百科全书中的植物营养沙培实验(左侧是木刻雕版,右边是印刷品)
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百科全书中的天气地图等压线(左侧是木刻雕版,右边是印刷品)
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钱穆博百科全书中的莎士比亚木刻雕版
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钱穆博百科全书中的亨利三世木雕版
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钱穆博百科全书中的拿破仑三世木雕版
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钱穆博百科全书中的达尔文木雕版
钱穆博百科全书中的日本驻欧洲外交官木雕版
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钱穆博百科全书中的中国媒婆木雕版
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钱穆博百科全书中的《没有老师的中国私塾》木雕版
钱穆博百科全书中的《没有老师的中国私塾》木雕版(上)和印刷图像(下)
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钱穆博百科全书中的《中国私塾老师-孔夫子》木雕版
Woodblock for the entry for Confucius , depicting Confucius, captioned "Confucius (from the reduced facsimilie of a rubbing from a marble slab behind his temple at Kio foo hien" created to illustrate Chambers's Encyclopaedia Second Edition, Volume 3 page 411 c 1881. - one of a collection of woodblocks of illustrations used by W&R Chambers, 1830s -early 20th century。
资本主义使得人的创造力第一次得到极大的激发和发挥,功莫大焉。因为档案工作做得好,大英帝国的这些个木雕版,不但能够看得到原版,而且能够找得到印刷出来的百科全书的页面。
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