| | 你所不知的美國“微職業” 對於美國的職業市場，我們到底知道多少？對於這個問題，恐怕所有的人都不敢大聲的說“自己很清楚”，特別是對於像我們這樣的第一代移民而言。很多人來到美國，見識和體驗的，也就是那麼幾個比較常見的職業。實際上，在美國生活，只要是滿足人們的需要的地方，就會產生滿足需要的職業。在這裡，列出了美國就業規模最小的十大職業，我稱之為“微小的職業市場”。 對於我們多數的人而言，找到一份薪水不錯的工作，就是生活的“最高境界”之一，也是融入“主流”的最重要一環。為此而獲得必要的良好教育，也就成為順理成章值得做的事情。實際上，在美國生活的天地，要比你所想象的大的多。 天空之高，即使你放開想象力來展翅飛翔，你也不會覺得空間有限。 還是那句話，在美國過日子，你除了保住一份薪水不錯的工作之外，你還得好好的深入生活，理解美國社會。既然你已經（至少是事實上）做出了讓子子孫孫在美國這片熱土生活下去的決心，你就沒有必要過的遮遮掩掩，像個害羞的小姑娘。 美國的生活豐富多彩，有足夠的空間讓你活出一份獨特的精彩。你完全沒有必要去追求那個虛無縹緲的大富大貴，即使是活的平平凡凡，你的人生也照樣可以過的有滋有味。你所需要的，就是深入，在你內心的深處，以這裡為家。 如果你老是將自己當個客人，老是想着在這裡撈上一把，等到退休之後再回到故鄉去享受晚年，那麼，你實際上就是在日日夜夜的為自己“混混”“庸庸”的日子“添磚加瓦”了。再者，你的那個“夢想”，等到了真的來臨之時，你不僅會看到那是一個非常不現實的幻想，而且，還是一個非常不值得你做出的一種選擇。不要生活在幻覺之中，醒來吧，回到活生生的現實來。 在來美國之前，很多人一直以為，到了美國，呆個一年半載，自己不僅會英文流利，而且還會自自然然的成為美國通。 來了美國之後，我們才發現，這是一個多麼幼稚的期待。特別是在美國呆了好幾年之後，還是不得不面對這樣一個尷尬的現實——英文還是不流利，語言溝通還是障礙重重——的時候，自己才意識到，自己按照自以為是而過的，到底是多麼愚蠢的日子。 美國是一個強調參與、鼓勵自發和自主的社會。如果你不主動，你在這裡是不可能等到居委會的大媽、大嫂來上門遊說你出門的。如果你那樣過日子的話，那麼，你的社會空間之狹小，恐怕最終讓你自己想起來都覺得後怕和後悔。 參與吧，貢獻本身就是一份“索取”和獲得。 不學不行：美國獨特的捐贈文化 美國人最討厭的行當和機構 The Smallest Professions in America August 27, 2012 by Mike Sauter Approximately 133 million people are employed in the United States as of May 2011, working in hundreds of different occupations, according to the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS). Different jobs vary in size. Some categories employ millions of Americans, while a select few count only hundreds among their ranks. 24/7 Wall St. reviewed BLS data to find the 10 jobs with the fewest people employed. There are nearly 4.3 million retail salespeople in the United States, making it the biggest occupation in the country. There are more than 2.7 million nurses, 1.4 million elementary school teachers and more than 1.2 million maintenance workers. However, there are only roughly 1,000 prosthodontists and just 300 farm labor contractors in the entire country. On the surface, a few of these jobs appear obsolete — think wood patternmakers and radio operators. Yet many of them expect to see growth — albeit small — in headcount between 2010 and 2020. Several other jobs, such as geographers, are expected to grow substantially during the decade. As a result of the small number of people in these jobs, many of these occupations experience major fluctuations. While there were 1,240 wood patternmakers in 2010, there were only 820 in 2011, a decline of about 34%. The jobs on this list require different levels of education and training. Farm labor contractors do not need a high school diploma. However, prosthodontists generally require doctorate degrees. Similarly, the jobs on this list have a wide range of pay. Prosthodontists had a mean wage in the low six-digit figures in 2011. However, the annual pay of fabric menders, an occupation that requires minimal education, was not even $30,000. 24/7 Wall St. identified the jobs that employ the fewest people, based on Bureau of Labor Statistics 2010 Occupational Outlook Handbook data. While 2011 job-count data were available from the BLS, we opted for the 2010 data, as self-employment figures were included. We also considered the mean wages for these occupations, along with the pay at the 25th, 75th and 90th percentile in each profession. In addition, we reviewed the projected headcount growth between 2010 and 2020 from BLS National Employment Matrix to determine whether these jobs are growing or shrinking. These are the smallest professions in America. 10. Geographers
> Number of jobs: 1,600
> Median hourly wage: $35.94
> Median annual wage: $74,760 Geographers are responsible for analyzing the geographic traits of specific areas, local and global. Though the number of geographers is expected to increase by 35.4% from 2010 to 2020, this would still mean only about 2,200 geographer jobs would exist by the end of the decade. The median annual wage for geographers was $74,760 in 2011, up slightly from $72,800 in 2010. Some geographers were especially well paid, however, with those in the 90th percentile earning more than $104,000 last year. 9. Models
> Number of jobs: 1,400
> Median hourly wage: $8.79
> Median annual wage: $18,670 Full-time modeling is certainly not as glamorous as the media makes the profession out to be, and the position is not as lucrative as it is portrayed, either. While the superstar, household name models can end up making millions of dollars, most models make quite a modest living — the median pay for a model in 2011 was a mere $18,670, or just $8.97 an hour. Headcount for models is expected to grow 14% between 2010 and 2020, which the BLS notes is as fast as the average amount of growth for all occupations. Unsurprisingly, the BLS notes that modeling attracts a lot of applicants, and “competition for jobs will be strong.” 8. Segmental Pavers
> Number of jobs: 1,300
> Median hourly wage: $15.55
> Median annual wage: $32,340 According to the BLS, segmental pavers “lay out, cut, and place segmental paving units.” Though there were just 1,300 such workers in the U.S. in 2010, this number is projected to rise by 33.1% between then and 2020, when there will be 1,800 jobs. The job does not pay exceptionally well; the median annual wage for segmental pavers was $32,340 in 2011, below the national median of $34,460 for all occupations. However, the 2011 median wage does represent a moderate improvement of the 2010 median annual wage, which was $30,430. 7. Patternmakers (Wood)
> Number of jobs: 1,200 (tied for sixth highest)
> Median hourly wage: $18.69
> Median annual wage: $38,870 Wood patternmakers, the BLS notes, are concentrated in just a handful of states. Both Michigan and Illinois have between 80 and 100 patternmakers, according to the BLS, while 40 to 50 patternmakers are located in California, North Carolina, Oregon and Pennsylvania. The BLS says the field is expected to grow in headcount by just 4.3% between 2010 and 2020, compared to the 14.3% increase for all U.S. jobs. The median 2011 wage of $38,870 was a moderate increase from $34,640 in 2010. The median 2011 salary was below the $39,950 metal and plastic patternmakers made, as well as below the $39,800 fabric and apparel patternmakers earned. 6. Radio Operators
> Number of jobs: 1,200 (tied for sixth highest)
> Median hourly wage: $21.54
> Median annual wage: $44,810 Compared to tablet computers, smartphones and even smart TVs, radios seem old-fashioned. It should come as no surprise that there are few radio operators in the United States. However, the number of radio operators is expected to grow by 7% between 2010 and 2020. The median annual wage of a radio operator in 2011 was $44,810, barely up from $44,630 in 2010. Operators in the 75th percentile made over $58,640 in 2011, and those in the 90th percentile made over $71,080. 5. Locomotive Firers
> Number of jobs: 1,100 (tied for fourth highest)
> Median hourly wage: $21.50
> Median annual wage: $44,729 Locomotive firers monitor locomotive instruments and watch for dragging equipment, obstacles on rights-of-way and train signals during a run. The median wage of a locomotive firer is $44,720, an improvement over the $43,510 in 2010. The locomotive firers at the top of the pay scale have the potential to make substantially more money. Those making at least $53,450 are in the 75th percentile, while those making at least $71,360 are in the 90th percentile. The number of locomotive firers between 2010 and 2020 is expected to decline by an additional 5.1% between 2010 and 2020. 4. Mathematical Technicians
> Number of jobs: 1,100 (tied for fourth highest)
> Median hourly wage: $22.32
> Median annual wage: $46,420 Mathematical technicians “apply standardized mathematical formulas, principles, and methodology to technological problems in engineering and physical sciences in relation to specific industrial and research objectives, processes, equipment, and products,” notes the BLS. Working as a mathematical technician often involves data processing, data translating and assisting with project planning. The occupation’s headcount is expected to grow 6.2% between 2010 and 2020. Compared to the 3,100 mathematicians whose median income was $101,040 in 2011, the median pay for a mathematical technician was less than half — $46,420. On the bright side, the median mathematical technician pay rose by $1,540 between 2010 and 2011. 3. Prosthodontists
> Number of jobs: 1000
> Median hourly wage: $52.55
> Median annual wage: $109,300 Prosthodontics — one of nine dental specialties — is defined by the American Dental Association as the specialty dealing with patients “with clinical conditions associated with missing or deficient teeth and/or oral and maxillofacial (jaws and face) tissues.” Despite the solid six-digit average pay, prosthodontists at the bottom of the pay scale are not faring nearly as well. Prosthodontists in the 25th percentile for income brought in less than $45,730 in 2011. Furthermore, prosthodontists are not paid nearly as much as some other medical professions. The median pay in 2011 for pediatricians was $158,170, while for podiatrists it was $119,250. Between 2010 and 2020, the number of prosthodontists is expected to grow by 21.4%. 2. Fabric Menders (Except Garment)
> Number of jobs: 800
> Median hourly wage: $13.45
> Median annual wage: $27,970 Fabric menders repair defects such as tears and holes in fabric products, including “draperies, linens, parachutes and tents,” according to the BLS. As of 2010, 15.2% were self-employed, which is higher than the 7.8% of all American workers. The field is very small, with approximately people 800 working as fabric menders in 2010, and it is expected to maintain approximately that many positions through 2010. The need for fabric menders is very small given the fabric repair products out on the market, many of which sell for less than $10, such as the $6.95 Gore-Tex fabric mender. The median annual salary of a fabric mender in 2011 was only $27,930, compared to a national median salary of $34,460. Nevertheless, it was an improvement from 2010’s median salary of $26,380. 1. Farm Labor Contractors
> Number of jobs: 300
> Median hourly wage: $14.02
> Median annual wage: $29,150 While farmers have always been known to be a hard-working bunch, they often have a little help on the field. The number of farm labor contractors in 2010 was approximately just 300 in 2010, and that number is not expected to change at all from 2010. The trappings for contractors are not as much as the farmers. The median farm labor contractor pay in 2011 was $29,150, less than half the $64,660 median salary that farmers, ranchers and other agricultural managers made. And while the median salary for farmers, ranchers and other agricultural managers was up $3,910 in 2011 from 2010, the median salary of farm labor contractors actually fell by $840 in that same time period. -Samuel Weigley and Alexander E.M. Hess 美國人最討厭的行當和機構 |
