| 车祸发生几率最高的十大州 天灾人祸，很多时候难以避免。但是，实际上，很多“天灾”还真的是以“人祸”为基础和起因的。汽车车祸，在很大程度上就是人祸的结果。 根据有关统计资料，在年龄五岁到三十四岁之间的美国人中，多数的死亡发生是与车祸相关的。而车祸带来的死亡，多数情形又是因为开车和坐车的人没有系安全带所致。 我记得，有个统计资料曾经说：在车祸发生时，如果你系有安全带，95%以上的情形，你可以保住自己的性命。下面的数据也证明了这个统计资料的可靠性：很多伤亡实际上，就是因为乘客没有系安全带的结果。而之所以会这样，又是因为，在有些州，没有严格的法律上的要求，来硬性规定“必须系安全带”。 法律上的仁慈，在这里看来也不是什么好事。即使是成年人，在获得“不应该有”的自由之后，带给自己的，却是更多的灾难。自律，有时候还是不如“强制”来的有效。 在我所生活的州，系安全带是法律上要求做的事情，否则，你就可能吃罚单。我的一个朋友，就在一年之内，两次吃这样的罚单。我戏称他为最傻帽的驾驶员！ 开车最安全的州，是气候寒冷的马萨诸塞州！大家说说，为什么？ 而那些最危险的州，其气候条件却比马萨诸塞州都要好的多！这有是为什么？ 这说明，天灾还是得靠人祸来“点火”。人定胜天，在这里也有一定的意义。 根据拥有的最近的数据（2005年），美国因为车祸导致的医疗开支和误工损失、财产损失等加在一起，在那一年高达1700亿美元。好大一个数字！ 所以，开车时温柔一点，耐心一点，客气一些，对你，对人，都是一件值得做的事情。在这里，我倒是非常的担心，在国内开车的人，一个个的牛气熏天，不系安全带，结果带来的人身和财产损失，又会是多大呢？ 国内的学者们和政府机构，是不是该好好的合计一下这方面的损失呢？相关的法规是不是应该在严格一些呢？最重要的，政府是不是可以更加努力，做到执法公平和规范呢？ 在美国，开车最危险的州，第一个是密西西比州！ The Most Dangerous States to Drive In May 24, 2012 by Mike Sauter According to the U.S. Centers for Disease Control, more Americans aged five to 34 are killed in motor vehicle crashes than from any other single cause. Despite this disturbing fact, a study released earlier this month shows that states where fatalities caused by car accidents are a major issue are doing the least to prevent them. The Trust for America’s Health, a nonprofit disease prevention group, released a report earlier this month on various causes of injuries and deaths in the United States. Included in that report is a by-state analysis of CDC data on auto fatalities, the costs associated with those deaths, and the policies states use to prevent car crashes. 24/7 Wall St. reviewed the 10 states that had the highest rates of auto fatalities. Deaths caused by motor vehicle accidents in the U.S. range widely. Twelve states averaged less than 10 deaths per 100,000 people a year during 2007 to 2009. Massachusetts had the lowest average yearly rate in the country of just 5.5 per 100,000 people. On the other end of the spectrum, 14 states had at least three times as many deaths per 100,000 people. Mississippi had close to five times that rate. A CDC report identified the estimated lifetime costs incurred by the states as the result of auto fatalities in a single year, including medical expenses and lost economic productivity. These two costs exceeded $170 billion in the U.S. in 2005, the most recent year data are available. With such high costs, and more importantly loss of life, the question is whether there is anything states can do to prevent car accidents. The Trust for America’s Health found that nothing works better to prevent traffic deaths than seat belt use. According to a report released by the National Highway Traffic and Safety Administration, six of the 10 states with the lowest seat belt usage rates also had the highest average auto fatality rates between 2007 and 2009. The Trust for America’s Health report also identified four key policies labeled by the CDC as useful in improving traffic safety. The four include having a primary seat belt law (which allows police to stop and ticket unbuckled drivers without any other cause), a mandatory ignition interlock for all convicted drunk drivers, a mandatory motorcycle helmet law, and requiring booster seats for children eight years old and younger. Despite the massive financial burden auto accidents place on states each year, it appears many still fail to enact the kinds of basic safety laws that are believed to be instrumental in cutting down auto accidents deaths. In fact, it appears that the states with the highest rates of auto fatalities are missing some of those key policies. Of the 15 states with one or none of these policies in place, seven were among those with the highest fatality rates. 24/7 Wall St. ranked all 50 U.S. states based on the highest yearly average automobile deaths per 100,000 people from 2007 to 2009. 24/7 Wall St. also calculated the total costs incurred by state for these deaths using the CDC’s WISQAR report, which was for 2005. While the average auto mortality rate and the cost estimates are from different time periods, each are the most recently available data, and were used to approximate the actual costs of traffic deaths. 10. Kentucky
> Average auto fatalities per 100,000: 18.3
> Auto fatalities/year: 784 (20th most)
> Lifetime medical costs due to 1-yr. auto accidents: $6,410,980 (22nd highest)
> Lifetime work loss costs due to 1-yr. auto accidents: $789,411,765 (19th highest)
> Pct. commuters traveling 30 mins. or more: 28.39% (16th lowest) From 2007 through 2009, Kentucky had an average of 18.3 motor vehicle-related fatalities for every 100,000 people a year. Although Kentucky is the nation’s 26th-most populous state, it had the 20th-highest number of auto fatalities each year over that time frame, averaging of 784 per year. It is estimated that Kentucky auto fatalities cost the state more than $789 million in lifetime work losses in a given year. The absence of laws mandating that motorcycle riders wear helmets and a failure to meet the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) standards requiring kids under eight years old to wear booster seats have both likely contributed to Kentucky’s poor record. To help encourage citizens to be safe drivers, police departments across the state have pledged to enforce the nationwide Click It or Ticket initiative in 2012. 9. Oklahoma
> Average auto fatalities per 100,000: 19.5
> Auto fatalities/year: 711 (21st most)
> Lifetime medical costs due to 1-yr. auto accidents: $5,896,988 (23rd highest)
> Lifetime work loss costs due to 1-yr .auto accidents: $657,831,325 (22nd highest)
> Pct. commuters traveling 30 mins. or more: 24.91% (10th lowest) Oklahoma averaged 711 fatalities each year from auto accidents between 2007 and 2009, or 19.5 for every 100,000 residents. In one year, medical costs incurred from the state’s auto injury fatalities were estimated at just under $5.9 million. Oklahoma has yet to adopt mandatory ignition locks for all convicted drunk drivers, universal helmet laws for motorcyclists, or booster seat requirements for all children under eight. Oklahoma has had a primary seat belt law on the books since 1987, but fines first-time offenders only $20 for being unbuckled. Only seven states with primary seat belt laws levy lower fines. Recently, motor vehicle fatalities have actually increased. The Oklahoma Department of Public Safety reported an uptick in auto fatalities in March 2012. Compared to the same month last year, there were 20 more fatalities for a total of 59. 8. West Virginia
> Average auto fatalities per 100,000: 19.8
> Auto fatalities/year: 359 (18th fewest)
> Lifetime medical costs due to 1-yr, auto accidents: $2,938,686 (18th lowest)
> Lifetime work loss costs due to 1-yr. auto accidents: $289,051,095 (16th lowest)
> Pct. commuters traveling 30 mins. or more: 33.11% (17th highest) Of the states with the highest auto fatality rates, West Virginia was one of the few with a large percentage of commuters traveling at least 30 minutes to work each day. Between 2007 and 2009, West Virginia averaged 359 auto fatalities each year, or 19.8 per 100,000 people. According to estimates, auto fatalities in one year cost the state $289 million in lost productivity. Of the four policies highlighted by the report, the state has adopted two — mandatory helmets and booster seats — but remains one of only 18 states that does not have a primary seat belt law. 7. Louisiana
> Average auto fatalities per 100,000: 20.2
> Auto fatalities/year: 897 (15th most)
> Lifetime medical costs due to 1-yr. auto accidents: $7,363,795 (18th highest)
> Lifetime work loss costs due to 1-yr. auto accidents: $1,109,612,984 (8th highest)
> Pct. commuters traveling 30 mins. or more: 31.71% (22nd highest) Louisiana had the seventh-highest annual average rate of auto injury fatalities per 100,000 residents from 2007 to 2009, at 20.2. The estimated lifetime work loss costs due to fatalities from accidents in one year exceeded $1.1 billion, which is eighth highest, according to CDC estimates. Though Louisiana’s traffic safety figures are alarming, the state is taking steps to remedy the situation. It is one of only 16 states with a mandatory ignition lock for all convicted drunk drivers, one of 18 to make helmets mandatory for all motorcyclists, and one of 32 with a primary seat belt law. The problem, it seems, are not the laws but ineffective enforcement. According to an NHTSA report, only 75.9% of Louisiana drivers wore seat belts in 2010, the lowest among all states with primary seat belt laws. 6. South Carolina
> Average auto fatalities per 100,000: 21.0
> Auto fatalities/year: 944 (13th most)
> Lifetime medical costs due to 1-yr. auto accidents: $7,702,929 (16th highest)
> Lifetime work loss costs due to 1-yr. auto accidents: $966,527,197 (12th highest)
> Pct. commuters traveling 30 mins. or more: 31.11% (23rd highest) Over the three-year span ending in 2009, South Carolina averaged 21 vehicle-related deaths per 100,000 people. Despite being the 24th-most populous state in the country, it had more auto fatalities than all but 12 other states. A single year of vehicle-related fatalities is estimated to cost the state more $7 million in lifetime medical expenses, and just under $1 billion in lost productivity. Likely contributions to South Carolina’s poor record are the absence of laws requiring all convicted drunk drivers to have ignition interlocks, motorcyclists to wear helmets, and children under eight to use booster seats. Additionally, the South Carolina Senate recently changed a bill that would have banned texting while driving for all drivers with one that prohibits texting only for drivers under 18. 5. Arkansas
> Average auto fatalities per 100,000: 21.6
> Auto fatalities/year: 619 (22nd most)
> Lifetime medical costs due to 1-yr. auto accidents: $4,775,033 (24th lowest)
> Lifetime work loss costs due to 1-yr. auto accidents: $617,945,384 (24th highest)
> Pct. commuters traveling 30 mins. or more: 26.02% (13th lowest) Arkansas has the fifth-highest rate of auto injury fatalities. Between 2007 and 2009, the state averaged 21.6 fatalities per 100,000 residents per year. Arkansas has implemented a comprehensive highway safety plan for 2012. In the plan, the Highway Safety Office set specific goals for reducing DWI deaths, increasing seat belt usage, and slowing drivers down. The HSO hopes to accomplish these goals by bolstering training programs for law enforcement officials and educating the people through a series of high visibility campaigns. 4. Wyoming
> Average auto fatalities per 100,000: 21.7 (tied 3rd highest)
> Auto fatalities/year: 116 (7th least)
> Lifetime medical costs due to 1-yr. auto accidents: $947,934 (4th lowest)
> Lifetime work loss costs due to 1-yr. auto accidents: $107,859,504 (7th lowest)
> Pct. commuters traveling 30 mins. or more: 16.43% (3rd lowest) Wyoming had an average of 21.7 auto injury fatalities per 100,000 people during each year between 2007 and 2009. Though the state has the smallest population in the country, with just 533,556 residents, its lifetime work loss costs due to auto fatalities are estimated to exceed an $100 million in a single year. Only about 16% of Wyoming’s workers commute more than 30 minutes a day, the third-lowest rate in the U.S. Despite the high fatality rate, Wyoming has not been proactive in addressing the issue legally. Presently, Wyoming does not have a primary seat belt law, nor a mandatory ignition interlocks for all convicted drunk drivers — only those who register a blood alcohol content of .15 receive the interlock. Additionally, attempts to ban texting in the state have failed in each of the past two years. 3. Alabama
> Average auto fatalities per 100,000: 21.7 (tied 3rd highest)
> Auto fatalities/year: 1,014 (11th most)
> Lifetime medical costs due to 1-yr. auto accidents: $8,254,510 (15th highest)
> Lifetime work loss costs due to 1-yr. auto accidents: $964,444,444 (13th highest)
> Pct. commuters traveling 30 mins. or more: 32.85% (19th highest) Alabama’s auto fatalities rate of 21.7 per 100,000 residents is tied for third highest. One year worth of such fatalities cost an estimated $8.2 million in medical costs, more than all but 14 states. Such an elevated rate of auto fatalities is surprising when contrasted with the state’s 91.4% seat belt usage rate. The high rate of auto injury deaths may be attributable in part to the lack of several key safety laws. Alabama does not mandate ignition interlocks for all convicted drunk drivers or requires booster seats for children under eight years of age. 2. Montana
> Average auto fatalities per 100,000: 23.3 (2nd highest)
> Auto fatalities/year: 225 (11th least)
> Lifetime medical costs due to 1-yr. auto accidents: $1,831,676 (12th lowest)
> Lifetime work loss costs due to 1-yr. auto accidents: $195,289,017 (11th lowest)
> Pct. commuters traveling 30 mins. or more: 18.05% (4th lowest) With an auto injury fatality annual average of 23.3 per 100,000 residents in the period between 2007 and 2009, Montana has the second-highest rate on the list. The problem may be due in part to drunk driving. In 2007, Montana had 11.1 drunk driving auto deaths per 100,000 residents, the highest rate for that year. Montana has done little to respond to these figures. The state has not adopted any of the four auto-safety policies that were identified as critical by the CDC. Despite the high fatality rate, the medical costs and work loss costs associated with them rank in the bottom 15. 1. Mississippi
> Average auto fatalities per 100,000: 26.7 (the highest)
> Auto fatalities/year: 784 (19th most)
> Lifetime medical costs due to 1-yr. auto accidents: $7,158,007 (19th highest)
> Lifetime work loss costs due to 1-yr. auto accidents: $823,487,544 (17th highest)
> Pct. commuters traveling 30 mins. or more: 30.83% (25th lowest) Mississippi had the highest motor vehicle-related death rate in the country between 2007 and 2009. An average of 784 state residents die each year in accidents, or 26.7 fatalities per 100,000 people. According to the most recent CDC data, a single year of auto deaths in the state has an estimated cost of more than $820 million in lost productivity. The state has a primary seat belt law, and motorcycle helmets are mandatory, but it does not have a mandatory ignition lock for convicted drunk drivers, and is one of 18 states not to have mandatory booster seats for those eight or younger. Mike Sauter |
