| 當今最有創造力的公司 科技是生產力，強調的是科技對於生產效率提高的重要價值。有科技可以用是一回事，獲得科技又是一回事。前者，在早期，我們是“山寨為王”，“老子想怎麼樣搞就怎麼樣搞”。結果，在融入國際社會的過程中，吃盡了苦頭。今天的中國，應該是已經明白了一個“世界上沒有免費午餐”的大道理的了。 使用科技來提高生產率，是一個頗為技巧的事。在我們從極為落後向最初級的確保溫飽進軍的時候，能夠在人家已經遺棄的“陳舊”技術那塊，折騰點價值出來，也是不錯的成就。 在那個階段的經營的搞法，我們好像是習慣於稱之為“粗放式”經營模式。 據說，經過了幾十年的粗放式經營，我們的祖國已經成為世界第二大經濟體了。 作為世界經濟指標計算下來的老二，我們在創新領域的成就又如何呢？ 下面的數字，可能讓你不得不感覺辛酸和苦悶。 日本企業占據前十名的整整半壁江山，韓國只冒出了一個三星集團，卻也占據了老二的地位，僅次於藍色巨人的IBM。這家韓國公司，像是在一個晝夜之間冒出來似的，不僅敢真刀真槍的“一出馬”就和曾經牛氣無比的日本電器巨頭對壘，而且，還在短短的幾十年時間之內，做到可以將當前牛氣熏天的蘋果，快逼瘋了的地步。 即使不算谷歌、蘋果這樣靠創新起家，也靠創新大賺特賺的大傢伙，面對韓國企業在創新領域的青春活力，中國企業看來還是差的太遠。可惜，靠吹，是走不出國門的！ 不過，對於喜歡玩虛招的中國人而言，這個名單應該是非常“沒有意義”的。我記得，好像在不久之前，中國國內註冊的以中國人標準衡量可以成為專利的專利數量，好像就已經達到了類似於中國“熟練工程師數量巨大”那樣的世界級的神話的水準了。 這樣的牛氣，你不嚇破膽，好像都很難！ 只是，可惜呀，在經濟戰場的競爭，也不是靠吹牛就能夠取勝的。 什麼時候，中國的企業，可以走出“粗放式”經營的初級階段，進入靠實力，靠技術，靠創新，和世界級大家對壘的“實力為王”時代的主要玩家之列。 搞專利，也有個“品質”的問題，“數量為王”的玩法，好像也只有忽悠的價值。有點意思的是，每一次回國，都有人向我推銷他們發明的專利。在那片古老的土地上生活的人們，好像有個不同我們這裡生活人們的理解。在他們眼裡，只要是專利，就肯定是價值連城！只要是有資金的支持，專利後面帶出的，就肯定是可以征服世界的高科技產品！這種現代形式的“無知”和“愚昧”，不僅有大量的國內市場，而且，還成為很多“海龜”們回國忽悠國內暴發戶們最有殺傷力的武器了。 諸不知，在世界科技發展史上，“垃圾專利”也是多如牛毛。專利的申請，好像和軍隊的使用有點類似：有的是以攻擊為主，有的只負責防衛，還有的，是做輔助性的工作，搞偵查、破壞什麼的。你發展出的專利的價值，還得看你的“含金量”。 也可以說，打造有經濟價值的“專利團隊”，你恐怕還得着眼於打造“航空母艦”，才能打造出一個可以在世界大戰場大殺一回的“艦隊”。否則，你打造再多的專利，最終可能也只有自己在嘴裡嘮叨幾回的價值了。 即使從美國的事例也不難看出，科技變成生產率，不是只有巨大的專利數量就可以實現的。當年混到幾乎破產的美國電訊電報公司，不久之前“倒下”的柯達公司，手裡也有大量的頗有潛力的專利，結果還是不得不混到在死亡線邊緣掙扎的地步。 這和軍隊的實力有點類似：良好的武器製造是不能夠讓你制勝天下的，打天下的還是指揮者的智慧和團隊的合作。 不管怎麼說，看看下面這些數字，看看人家做的結果，看看創新的數量、種類、對創新科技的使用效率，我估計，我們也能夠從中悟出不少的道理來。 有競爭力的經濟體絕對離不開有強大創新力的科技團隊和層出不窮的科技創新。有大量“專利”冒出的公司，卻不一定就會成為一個盈利能力很強的競爭者。 這又回到了數學裡面，開始時就讓很多人折騰不清楚的“必要和充分、必要但不充分、充分但不必要”的圈圈了。 科技是生產率，但是，要想打造大量的靠科技來征服世界的企業群，在中國，可能還得以打造一個清廉的政治生存環境為基礎。否則，再多的財富，也會在無窮無盡的腐敗和濫指揮之中被消耗掉，消耗光。 鏈接：複製貓是不是醒的太晚了點 鏈接： -
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The Most Innovative Companies In The World January 10, 2013 by Michael B. Sauter, Samuel Weigley This week at the Consumer Electronics Show in Las Vegas, some of the biggest companies in the world will debut the next generation of products and technology. The goods on display are the product of years of research and billions of dollars. And to protect their investments, companies file for patents on the next game changing device, software, or technology. The U.S. Patent Office and Trademark Office awards hundreds of thousands of patents to companies each year. Today, IFI Claims Patent Services, a producer of patent databases, released its top 50 ranking of the companies awarded the most U.S. patents in 2012. Based on IFI’s list, 24/7 Wall St. reviewed the 10 most innovative companies in the world. 24/7 Wall St.’s review of the IFI list finds that producing the most patents does not ensure a successful business — frequently, it can mean the exact opposite. Some of the biggest patent recipients last year are barely profitable, or are losing money. These corporations may be ramping up research and development as their current brand falters. Sony’s patent awards are up substantially compared to 2011, but its shares are down by nearly 40% in the past 12 months, and the company lost more than $5 billion in the last fiscal year. Meanwhile, several companies that didn’t make our list are among the most profitable companies in the world. Companies like Apple and Google saw major increases in patents awarded last year. Apple’s patents increased 68% between 2011 and 2012. Google’s grew by an astounding 170%. These two companies remain well out of the top 10 for global patents awarded last year. Apple was 22nd, and Google was 21st. Longevity is one of the reasons for Google and Apple’s absence, explained IFI Claims Patent Services CEO Mike Baycroft. “IBM, Samsung, Sony, and Microsoft [all in the top 10], these guys have been invested in the patent game for a long time.” In research and development, he continued, “Google and Apple are startups.” Another reason many of these companies make the list is the sheer range of industries in which they develop products. While they develop consumer electronics products, companies like General Electric, IBM and Toshiba also develop technology in alternative energy, medicine, and automotive. In order to identify the 10 most innovative companies, 24/7 Wall St. reviewed top U.S. patent recipients in 2012 according to IFI’s annual reports. To illustrate how patent awards relate to company performance, we examined sales, profit and change in share price over the past five years for the top 10. We also examined how these companies compared within their industry and among the largest companies in the world based on the Forbes Global 2,000. All sales and revenue data are from company financial statements or from the 2012 Forbes Global 2,000. These are the 10 most innovative companies of the year. 10. LG Electronics
> 2012 patent grants: 1,624
> Country: South Korea
> Profits: -$0.4 billion
> Sales: $46.8 billion
> 5-yr. stock price change: -20.1%
> Size: 697th largest in the world LG Electronics is one of the largest electronics manufacturers in Japan, behind companies like Samsung, Hitachi and Toshiba. This branch of the massive LG Holding Corp is one of the leading producers of televisions, washers and dryers, refrigerators and mobile handsets. Earlier this week at CES, the company announced it would begin delivering the highly-anticipated next-generation organic light-emitting diode television, or OLED TV this February. With its 1,624 patents granted in 2012, the company has returned to the top 10 patent earners, after a brief hiatus in 2011. 9. General Electric
> 2012 patent grants: 1,652
> Country: United States
> Profits: $14.2 billion
> Sales: $147.3 billion
> 5-yr. stock price change: -40.57%
> Size: 3rd largest in the world America’s largest, and most iconic electronics corporation, General Electric has made somewhat of a comeback on the innovation front in the past few years. GE finally returned to the top 10 patent earners in 2012 for the first time since 2002, after being 11th in 2011. The company appears to have gained ground in innovation in alternative energy vehicles and products. According to Business Green, GE was awarded the second-most patents last year for alternative energy patents, including solar energy, fuel cells and wind energy production. 8. Hon Hai Precision Industry Co.
> 2012 patent grants: 2,013
> Country: Taiwan
> Profits: $2.6 billion
> Sales: $102.6 billion
> 5-yr. stock price change: -51.58%
> Size: 156th largest in the world Hon Hai Precision, better known by most Americans by its trade name, Foxconn, is the largest company in Taiwan with over $100 million in sales in 2012. The company increased its patent grants by 33% in 2012, moving it from ninth in patent awards in 2011 to eighth in 2012. At the end of last year, the company further added to its portfolio, buying the flat panel patent inventory of fellow display company NEC for the equivalent of $122 million. While the company has been awarded more patents, its shares fell by more than 10% in the past year. 7. Toshiba
> 2012 patent grants: 2,447
> Country: Japan
> Profits: $1.7 billion
> Sales: $77.0 billion
> 5-yr. stock price change: -57.4%
> Size: 205th largest in the world Toshiba, another Japanese tech company, produces a wide variety of products, which may help explain why it was granted nearly 2,500 patents last year. Included in its product line are consumer electronics such as televisions, phones, and laptop computers, networking components, and even medical equipment like X-ray machines. The company has apparently been innovating heavily in photography components, developing compact flash devices and other chips for major photography companies such as Nikon. Shares are down by well over 50% in the past five years. 6. Microsoft Corp.
> 2012 patent grants: 2,613
> Country: United States
> Profits: $17.0 billion
> Sales: $73.7 billion
> 5-yr. stock price change: -26.7%
> Size: 42nd largest in the world Microsoft’s innovation has struggled the past few years. The total patents the company received has increased by about 300 last year, but this comes after major drop-off in 2011 that caused it to be surpassed by Japanese companies Canon, Panasonic and Toshiba. Like last year, it remains the sixth-biggest patent earner in the world, and the second biggest in the U.S. The company’s stock has underperformed the market, and is down more than 15% since March. Motorola Mobility, which is owned by Google, just dropped litigation it had pending against Microsoft, after claiming the company had infringed on two patents to make the Xbox. 5. Panasonic Corp.
> 2012 patent grants: 2,769
> Country: Japan
> Profits: $0.9 billion
> Sales: $104.6 billion
> 5-yr. stock price change: -76.1%
> Size: 224th largest in the world Panasonic produces a range of consumer electronics, but is well-known for its televisions, cameras, and batteries. Other products it manufactures include avionics, tablets, and kitchen appliances. At the Consumer Electronics Show in Las Vegas this week, Panasonic unveiled a new, large-screen tablet PC. While the company remains innovative, it has been barely profitable. Shares are down more than 75% in the past five years. 4. Sony Corp.
> 2012 patent grants: 3,032
> Country: Japan
> Profits: $ -5.5 billion
> Sales: $78.9 billion
> 5-yr. stock price change: -79.5%
> Size: 477th largest in the world Sony remains one of the most recognizable consumer electronics brands in the world, producing innovative products in television, audio, and gaming for years. In 2011, the company was awarded 2,286 patents. In 2012, that number increased by 33% to over 3,000, moving the company from seventh to fourth among the most innovative companies. According to IFI, this is actually an undercount because Sony files for patents under multiple divisions. Company shares are down nearly 80% in the past five years and roughly 40% in the past year alone. In the last reported fiscal year, the company lost more than $5.5 billion. 3. Canon
> 2012 patent grants: 3,174
> Country: Japan
> Profits: $3.2 billion
> Sales: $46.2 billion
> 5-yr. stock price change: -33.5%
> Size: 149th largest in the world Canon has already slipped eight places in the Forbes 2000 list of the world’s largest companies, and it may be facing further headwinds in the future. While sales totaled $46.2 billion in 2011, that is expected to decline to $42.9 billion in 2012, and to $44.5 billion in 2013, according to a survey of analysts polled by Thomson Reuters. Canon has struggled in recent years due to its longtime emphasis on low-to-no growth fields such as digital cameras and printers. Yet the company continues to churn out products in those fields, hoping to turn things around. At CES on Monday, the company introduced two imageCLASS printers targeted to the small and medium business markets as well as new PowerShot cameras. 2. Samsung Electronics
> 2012 patent grants: 5,081
> Country: South Korea
> Profits: $11.5 billion
> Sales: $142.4 billion
> 5-yr. stock price change: 190.5%
> Size: 26th largest in the world While it is known primarily as a consumer electronics company, Samsung has a hand in nearly every consumer product category imaginable, from chemicals to semiconductors. Unlike most of the other companies on our list, Samsung has been performing well of late, partly due to the success of its mobile phone business. The company released 37 phones last year, including the extremely successful Galaxy S3. Shares of the company on the Korean Stock Exchange are up by more than 190% in the past five years, and by more than 60% in the past year. Awarded patents for the company are up by nearly 4% this year, but since 2005, total awarded patents have roughly doubled. At the Consumer Electronics Show in Las Vegas, Samsung debuted a new flexible OLED (Organic Light Emitting Diode) screen, the first of its kind. 1. International Business Machines Corp.
> 2012 patent grants: 6,478
> Country: United States
> Profits: $15.9 billion
> Sales: $106.9 billion
> 5-yr. stock price change: 90.1%
> Size: 32nd largest in the world For the 20th year in a row, IBM has produced more patents than any other company in the world. As IBM has gained patents, it has also sold many off. In March of 2012, IBM sold to Facebook 750 patents, allowing the social media company to bolster its intellectual property before its initial public offering. Back in 2010, the company sold about 1,000 patents to Google. Standard & Poor’s expects IBM to announce a full-year sales decline of 2.5% for 2012 partly because of a decline in hardware sales in the past four quarters. However, S&P expects sales to bounce back by 2.5% in 2013 due to continued growth in emerging markets. 鏈接： 複製貓是不是醒的太晚了點 鏈接： -
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