設萬維讀者為首頁 萬維讀者網 -- 全球華人的精神家園 廣告服務 聯繫我們 關於萬維
 
首  頁 新  聞 視  頻 博  客 論  壇 分類廣告 購  物
搜索>> 發表日誌 控制面板 個人相冊 給我留言
幫助 退出
     
  陳京的博客
  none
我的名片
jingchen
註冊日期: 2015-11-09
訪問總量: 3,808,480 次
點擊查看我的個人資料
Calendar
我的公告欄
最新發布
· The Spatial and Temporal Propa
· The voting patterns of the hig
· Mechanical clock and atomic cl
· An economic analysis of open b
· Why nations fail
· The purpose of thermodynamics
· Social structure and efficienc
友好鏈接
分類目錄
【Economics (10)】
· The voting patterns of the hig
· An economic analysis of open b
· Social structure and efficienc
· Urban sprawl without populatio
· Watchful waiting: Role of busi
· Economics: Too hard or too eas
【science (17)】
· The purpose of thermodynamics
· Ginger and metabolism
· The end of last ice age and pa
· Are there less earthquakes now
【Reading (7)】
· Why nations fail
· Worldly Philosophers: Quotes a
· J D Vance
· Blessing?
· Einstein diary
【Economics (9)】
· The purpose of a theory
· 先進和落後
· The divergence of economic per
· On Inflation
· Monopoly and common sense
· On Granger causality
· A note on scarcity
· How to measure economic resear
· Weights of housing in CPI: Can
· Government intervention, and h
【Relativity】
· The Spatial and Temporal Propa
· Mechanical clock and atomic cl
· Astronauts then and now, Scien
· Is Einstein God
· Electromagnetism, relativity a
· Is relativity absolute truth?
· The history of aether
· On Twin Paradox
· Relativity and absolutism
【Economics(8)】
· Wealth and income distribution
· A historical and spatial compa
· Stimulating demand is no more
· The function of the economic t
· Questions about GDP, Disposabl
· On the rapid change of Keynes
· pension depresses disposal inc
· On the concept of exogeneity a
· The ending of Keynes’ General
· Top ten countries by GDP from
【Language (19)】
· 朝夕和 twilight
· 地名和人名
· 復活節話東升西降
· 唯唯諾諾
· 二,選,對
· 泰語和漢語
· 萬眾一心和別有用心
· From War Department to Defense
【Poems (15)】
· An Old Tree
· 理想主義和唯心主義
· June
· Injustice
· Decorating words
· Cover
· Heaven and Hell
· 失意的詩意
· 收穫
【Science (16)】
· Empiricism and evolutionary th
· America’s mathematics in 1940
· Measuring pulses
· What is QI?
· A fun fact about red blood cel
· What determines the emissivity
· Thermal equilibrium in a gravi
· Why southern hemisphere is col
· Air pressure on rocky planets
· Understanding ideal gas equati
【Carbon and climate (2)】
· CO2 and desertification
· Why carbon tax
· Bankrupting people: The goal o
· On the patterns of global flui
· Stefan-Boltzmann law and the e
· How atmosphere gases affect Ea
· The meanings of different epoc
· The political economy of carbo
· Geological carbon cycles and c
· On global warming
【Science (15)】
· Why is the air pressure on Ven
· Moon and mood
· 中國的曆法
· Stories and science behind cal
· birth control pills increase t
· Some questions about AI
· The mechanism of eye bags
· 請教一個物理問題
· Statistics: What they attract?
【Language(18)】
· What does anti mean?
· A post from my daughter
· 右和左
· 牢
· 茶几和自己
· w = b
· 亥
· 家
· 主,住,駐,往
· 嶄新的世界欣欣向榮
【Economics(7)】
· The Purpose of Equity, Diversi
· 價值理論
· Withering Ecological Economics
· On the rapid change of Keynes
· Why are dominant social theori
· Pension system and fertility
· The profit potential of a soci
· Potential energy and different
· Karl Marx and the Labor Theory
· A note on labor theory of valu
【Finance(3)】
· How hard is it to establish a
· How inflation enriches politic
· Finance: A New Theoretical Fou
【Virus and vaccine (2)】
· Natural vaccines and artificia
· Why was the Spanish Flu so dea
· COVID UPDATE: What is the trut
· The impacts of vaccines on hum
· Vaccine effectiveness in Canad
· 李躍華醫生是怎麼想到用苯酚治療
· On statistics related to vacci
【Science (14)】
· How many people died from COVI
· On the measurement of expected
· How long is a day on Venus?
· Why is the air pressure on Ven
· Insightful writing on hydrogen
· Some questions about blood bra
· Mortality rates by month
【Language (17)】
· 柳的故事
· 兔年話兔
· 兔年為什麼是卯年?
· Feud and Feudal
· 機遇和覬覦
· air, hair, stair
· Fantasy and fantastic
· 熊在不同語言中的發音
· 英語詞 elephant 分析
· Memory
【Quantum theory (2)】
· “Parting the Red Sea" Effect
· opposite of hidden variable: N
· Empirical verification of quan
· A playlist on quantum spin
· Great Physicists and Overhyped
· A good video touching on measu
· On Bell's Inequality
· Fine Structure Constant
· How does Lagrangian turn into
· Phase velocity and group veloc
【Economics (6)】
· On Inequality (Revised)
· Inside Job and Predator Nation
· Insights from GDI
· Economy and Society by Max Web
· On Paul Samuelson
· What is the energy return from
· The power structure of a socie
· How Economics Became a Mathema
· On the current state of econom
【Reading (6)】
· public’s distrust to authorit
· Old Testament
· Reading Karl Marx
· US bombed the Nord Stream Pipe
· The Thin Red Line by James Jon
· The Call of the Wild by Jack L
· Speakable and unspeakable in q
· When Life Nearly Died
· The Rise and Fall of American
· Cells, gels and the engines of
【Song】
· A song from my son
· 兒子寫給我的歌
· Video and writing by my daught
· A song from my kids as a gift
· Ace of Spades
· Mother's Day: A song to m
【Science (13)】
· A reflection on QR code
· Why water is not acidic?
· The timing of the great extinc
· The Carrying Capacity of the P
· A unified understanding of bod
· Carbon dioxide and global temp
· Seven
· Warburg effect and cancer trea
· amino acids and their genetic
【Language (16)】
· 詞彙的來源:從具體到抽象
· 狐狸
· Orient rising and occident dec
· 目的和墓地
· war: ‘獲‘, ’和 ‘, ’禍
· 朝夕和潮汐
· 每,梅,霉,海
· 平庸之惡,還是惡之平常?
· Easter on East
· 柳宗元
【Poems(14)】
· 勢力和勢利
· If
· A Tourist from Heaven
· Morning after mourning
· Blank Paper
· 努力的奴隸
· Excursion and incursion
· Who want the pandemic to end?
· Left wing and right wing
· Lion king and lion
【science (12)】
· AT and CG: What are their perc
· What generates the earth’s ma
· Gilbert Ling: A Great Pioneer
· What do physical constants mea
【Demographics】
· 民族要振興,人口要控制?
· 十個孩子的家
· Demography, Economy, and Socie
· Demographics and government po
· Long reign of the boomers
【Language (15)】
· East is Eden
· What does Austria mean?
· Fencing and boxing
· Polis, politics and police
· Shepherd is sheepherd
· What does Harbin (哈爾濱)mea
· Leg and legal
· Chariot (車)
· 時辰和生肖
· Statistics, languages and huma
【Conservation Law】
· Zero sum game is conservation
· The long reach of the conserva
· George Gammon
· There is no liberty without sl
· The conservation law of energy
· 守恆律
· The long arm of conservation l
【Poems (13)】
· Pyramid
· Chariot and Charity
· You have to be right to have r
· Crime and Criminal
· Omnipotent and impotent
· Fort and comfort
· Secret and secretary
· Rest
· When a sunrise cause turns int
· New World Order
【Language (14)】
· River and rival
· 強有疆, 弱為肉
· 伶俐和凌厲
· Conspire
· Xiwangmu (西王母): Folklore a
· 淨和靜
· 什麼是安寧?
· 未和末
· Animal and animosity
· Savage, salvage, save
【Science (11)】
· Why are the primary colors red
· Humans and germs: A systematic
· Why Demonize Carbon?
· Evidence in Scientific Researc
· The wisdom of the body: Immune
· Action or inaction
· Small molecules as catalysts
· A question about ivermectin (a
· Weakness in left arm and heart
【Reading (5)】
· 卡夫卡
· The fourth phase of water by G
· Critique of Hegel's Philo
· On the Jewish Question by Karl
· The Great Leveler: Violence an
· The Case Against Education by
· Some information on Korean War
· Monopoly Capital By Baran and
· Iron Law of Oligarchy
· Richard Cantillon: An Essay on
【Language (13)】
· 新和創新
· Kill and skill, laughter and s
· 平庸之惡?
· Vici, vicious and vicinity
· 敖和傲
· Double consonants
· 婦好 和 Frau
· 要,腰,west, waist
· 左右
· 山口 Yamaguchi
【science (10)】
· How to reduce noise from refri
· How do mRNA vaccines work?
· On Norbert Wiener
· What is the goal of scientific
· Oxy is acid
· New developments on the origin
· Shall we immunize for every di
· Prime Numbers and the Riemann
· 爆發力和耐力
· Measured and actual expected l
【Language (12)】
· 幾個關於疆土的詞
· 漢字傳播時一個有趣的現象
· 禾
· 雙和對
· 豪傑和浩劫
· Bear, ours and ursus
· 隋朝的楊家
· East, Easter, yeast
· Why Indo-European languages sp
· Poplar, popular, populus, popu
【History】
· The wonder of the promised lan
· Alexander the Great
· Easter on East
· Authority and Authoritarian Ru
· Seima-Turbino and ancient Chin
· 麥與來:小麥的傳播
· 遠古簡史
· Why is the pincer formation so
· 春秋時代的幾個人名
· 神話:神秘的史話
【Reading (4)】
· Dark Matter, a movie
· Politician or scientist: Who l
· The Bit Player: A Documentary
· One flew over the cuckoo'
· The Trial by Franz Kafka
· Ulysses by James Joyce
· The Economic Consequence of th
· The Philosophy of Nietzsche by
· The Philosophy of Schopenhauer
· The Philosophy of David Hume b
【Finance2】
· Hedge: The best hedging
· On the Theoretical Foundation
· John Williams and The Theory o
· What is finance?
· MM Theory:A Societal Perspecti
· Organisations as organisms
· To invest is to vest in
· On the Broad Impacts of Pensio
· Diversification and concentrat
· On equity owners and debt owne
【Health (4)】
· Acupuncture points and meridia
· On depression
· Notes on physiology and health
· Omicron spreading in nations w
· Humans and germs: An ecosystem
· What is Qi
· Salt
【Poems (12)】
· 努力的奴隸
· Public and publican
· Like and dislike
· Strive and strife
· Story and history
· The rulers and the ruled
· Swamp and wetland
· Old and cold
· Impotent and Important
· Pretend and pretender
【Reading (3)】
· The Problem of China by Bertra
· This side of paradise
· The Unbearable Lightness of Be
· One Hundred Years of Solitude
· Wolyn: The best movie about Wo
· The Unbearable Lightness of Be
· On the origin of species by Ch
· Descent of Man, by Charles Dar
· We and Zamyatin
· Comments on Apocalypse Never
【Non-equilibrium】
· Entropy: In intuitive Introduc
· A reflection on the theories o
· 新能源的社會成本
· 守恆定律在社會科學中的應用
· 有趣的化學
· 當代沒有科學大師嗎?
【Quantum theory】
· 關於量子理論
· A generalization of quantum th
· Quantum mechanics and Riemann
· What is quantum mechanics
· Where does hope come from
· How solar cells work?
· Why LED lights are more effici
· An Introduction to Quantum Mec
· Fourier transform and uncertai
· 一些物理和數學中基本概念的直觀
【Carbon and climate】
· Carbon Dioxide and Carrying Ca
· Noah’s ark and global warming
· Carbon: The Foundation of Life
· George Orwell: The Road to Wig
· Carbon dioxide and vegetation
· Cap and trade
· Ivar Giaever:
· Carbon: The backbone of life
【The Crown (a fiction)】
· The Crown (edited and combined
· The crown (End)
· The Crown (4)
· The Crown (3)
· The Crown (2)
· The Crown (1)
【雜談 (四)】
· 阿房宮賦和地產業
· Competition
· Young Marx (青年馬克思)
· The philosophy of Wittgenstein
· Panama Canal and Darien Gap
· From No Human Is Illegal to No
· Why all belief systems (except
· A message from my daughter
· On the philosophy of Kant
· Is this true
【Virus and vaccine】
· Is it healthy to sterilize our
· Natural vaccines
· Consensus is not equal to trut
· New York City and coronaviruse
· Human beings as part of the ec
· A re-examination of models of
· Demographics and Pandemics
· The economy of RNA life
· Broad spectrum medicines
· 苯酚用於預防和治療新冠肺炎
【語言(十一)】
· 詞語和方言
· Who is a radical
· Lee and leeway
· Wisdom of the language
· Maked or made: When to break r
· How to take a rest?
· 漢語和英語:讀音的相似,可能的原
· 到來和稻麥
· 關於李丹的語言學研究
【科學(九)】
· 天才是什麼?
· Power is money
· 薛定諤的貓
· Red and yellow flowers: Which
· The economy of RNA and DNA
· My World View
· How kidneys get rid of acids f
· 李躍華醫生注射液中苯酚的含量
· How our bodies maintain PH bal
· Why atomic groups usually are
【詩詞(十一)】
· Only the powerful can proclaim
· Looting and ruling
· embryo and embroil
· scold, cold, old
· Gain and lose
· Rest
· Your pleasure is my pressure
· Are we getting more honest ove
· Understand and overlook
· A homage to our home
【故事】
· Crying wolf
· Trees and grasses
【詩詞(十)】
· When the sun rises
· Observe and serve
· Sorrow
· Drift
· 對錯和是非
· Illusion and disillusion
· V is for Valley
· Dead stove
· Word and sword
· Yes is for yesterday
【旅行(二)】
· Koreshan State Park
· How Arizona can sustain such a
· Redwood, Eureka and Klamath (A
· A Short Trip to US
· Two different worlds
· Granville Island
【政治(二)】
· Why is Marxism so popular?
· How much money is in politics?
· The biological impact of the p
· The purpose of government mand
· Why are criminals pampered by
· Why democracy is so fragile?
· 疫情時代的人口
· Difference between US and Cana
· On being conservative
· On Churchill
【科學(八)】
· Why acid can break down molecu
· Blood types, immune systems an
· 實驗室製造的新型病毒: 對人類的
· 從侏羅紀公園說起
· How to make revolutionary idea
· On clean energy industries
· Measurement of fertility rate
【詩詞(九)】
· Winter sun
· Old tree
· Victor or victim
· Lie, belie, believe
· 心
· Fall
· fine
· Going
· Love
· The most healthy food
【讀書(二)】
· Fall of civilizations podcast
· 1984
· 讀《夏商新考》
· East wind: Perspectives from t
· Elizabeth Barrett Browning: He
· Congo by Michael Crichton
· Kipling as a parent
· Some books about economics and
· How good were Charles Pearson
· Brave New World
【語言(十)】
· 駕馭
· 慕容和 moron
· Religion
· Pastor: The lord of pasture
· 打 call 的英語是什麼?
· What is knowledge? What is fat
· Now and yesterday
· 桑乾河和 sungei
· Heyday
· Farsi, Parsi and Persian
【旅行】
· A fancy meal
· Kayaking in Ucluelet
· Where is the exit?
· Your fear is smarter than you
· Be a tourist in our own city
· How many red rivers are there?
· Dams
· Differential impacts of slow a
· Getting bored?
· On the road
【讀書】
· The story of civilization (Com
· Hillbilly Elegy
· Bernhard Riemann: Turning poin
· Galbraith on new ideas
· Psychology of finance (Some q
· Timeline by Michael Crichton
· Reading Money: Whence it came,
· Capitalism, socialism and demo
· Music: a mathematical offering
· A book about Riemann hypothesi
【經濟(五)】
· To maximize utility is to maxi
· Pareto optimal: Whose optimal?
· comment on Nobel Prize in Econ
· 關於阿羅-德布理論
· Is gold standard viable in tod
· Beyond Growth: Toward a New Ec
· On creating wealth
· Renaissance and Reformation
· 貿易不平衡的起因和解決方法
· On universal basic income
【詩詞(八)】
· Ex and in
· Apprehend and apprehensive
· Poems about old age
· Host
· Insulate
· The default choice is to defau
· Traps and trappings
· No comfort without fort
· Sword and word
· Quest
【語言(九)】
· Nostalgia
· 徐江偉的歷史理論
· 楚和夢
· Advice and vice
· Principle, principal and inter
· 狼
· Tribute
· Illusion and disillusion
· The gorges are gorgeous
· When June met August
【金融】
· Passive investment strategy an
· The size of your generation an
· Why it is optimal to be optimi
· Debt is an added risk
· Should arithmetic or geometric
· What constitute risk free asse
· A brief introduction to the se
· How to measure return
· The Big Short
【科學(七)】
· What is the meaning of life ex
· 一個不會攝影的人的感悟
· What we need, big data or big
· 進化理論的數學模型
· On inequality
· Grass from the old world and t
· 人類的平均壽命能到一百歲嗎?
【人口(三)】
· 中國目前的人口狀況
· 一個社會人口中位年齡的趨勢
· 鼓勵生育的政策能提高生育率嗎?
· 政府,家庭,和人口結構
· 從無籽西瓜說起
· 從炒股談起
· The meaning of life
【詩詞(七)】
· Edge
· Remember
· The power
· Truth in science and religion
· Happy in the backyard
· 野心
· Gene
· Intend
· RIP
· Nagging from an old man
【語言(八)】
· H, 日和 Helio
· Duo and double means two
· Good, gooder; bad, better
· 相似的形狀,相似的讀音,相關的
· 家
· 新年話創新
· Language, languish, anguish
· 鐘錶
· How to learn English effective
· 不通則痛,通則不痛
【科學(六)】
· 請教一個統計學的問題
· 數學及其應用
· On amateur and academic resear
【經濟(四)】
· How much we need to save for r
· How pension system destroys ou
· Shall we buy insurance?
· An Entropy Theory of Value
· Total value of gold and some
【音樂】
· Suo Gan
· Mainstream rappers
· A Candle in the Wind
· 缺憾之美
· Swing low
· Going home
· River of no return
· Raw and refined: Two versions
【經濟(三)】
· Own something small wholly or
· Money as a performance enhance
· How much we pay for retirement
· How to reduce anxiety over fi
· How to trim a tree or an econo
· A critique of economic theory
· The most depressing (exciting)
· On the concepts of earning, in
· 數學:應用和樂趣 (修訂版)
【詩詞(六)】
· Spring up and fall down
· Press
· Within and Without
· Verse
· Front
· Heroine and Heroin
· Sterilize
· Win
· Low
· Port
【詩詞(五)】
· Pet and Pest
· Ease
· 忘,妄,望
· Seasons
· Envelope and develop
· Sorrow
· Home
· Haze
· Ex and Re
· Edge
【科學(五)】
· Why highly educated women and
· On the concept of perfectness
· Reflection from a riddle
· On averaging denominators
· Integrating mathematical finan
· 苦難是最好的學校
· Read The need for a new public
· The earth is a gigantic batter
【語言(七)】
· 想象和相象
· 漢語和英語讀音的相似
· 雙字詞的來源
· 標緻和婊子
· Credible and Incredible
· 英語和漢語類似的構詞法
· Lect
· Excite and Incite
· Forget and For Get
· Lax and relax
【雜談(三)】
· 經緯和涇渭
· Heretics are true believers
· Faith or good deeds
· 養兒還是育女?
· Should adult children stay wit
· 女兒製作的錄像
· 兒子唱的rap
· 女兒帶着女兒來看我們,寫的一段
· Frills
【語言(六)】
· 腿腳和退卻
· Copulate, copy, populate
· Emergence and emergency
· I am, I love
· Invent
· Prevent
· Repair
· Tart and top, start and stop
· S is about
· 同樣的世界,不同的視角
【詩詞(四)】
· On the wisdom of wisdom teeth
· Stalin Rap to Hitler and Mao
· 夕陽
· Sunshine
· Temp
· Longing
· Part
· Omen
· Winter night in the north
· An Old Car
【詩詞(三)】
· Snow
· My Dear Sun
· When
· Cut Bank
· When you try
· Winter in the deep north
· 你家的月亮
· Good bye, my friends
· 當生命之火慢慢熄滅
· 公貓
【語言(五)】
· 興趣,利益和利息
· Over 和 Overture
· Ruler
· Inspire and Expire
· 哥哥的歌
· Rest
· Decadence and decay
· 閥:大人物是幹什麼的?
· 奴隸的心
· 為什麼我們喜歡壓韻?
【語言 (四)】
· Screw and screwed
· 黃
· Kind
· Sun and moon
· Free
· Norm, normal and Normans
· Bella and bellum
· Two meanings of like
· What is a theory?
· What is man?
【經濟 (二)】
· Reading James Galbraith’s The
· 為他人作嫁衣裳:貿易強國的共同
· 什麼是內需不足?
· 關於持續的貿易不平衡
· A long tradition to connect th
· On persistent trade imbalance
· On green economy
· What are rights: Some reflecti
· On Risk Management
· 怎樣計算股票的融資成本和預期回
【雜談 (二)】
· There is more brainwashing in
· 看女兒
· 女兒初為人母
· Weather and climate
· 老三的一篇短文
· When defects become an advanta
· Service of necessities and ser
· 女兒的帖子
· 荷花和塘泥
【科學(四)】
· Predictions in social sciences
· 數學的現狀和未來
· Social structures: A perspecti
· 溫度和情緒 (temperature and t
· Learning, memory and decision
· The Least Action Principle: It
· When an electron falls to a pr
· 為什麼魚比肉更容易煮熟?
· 一篇關於The Unity of Science a
【詩詞(二)】
· I’d rather
· 日暮
· 池塘里的污泥
· Over and under
· Bond and bondage
· 夕陽
· Dandelion
· 早點睡覺
· 在我慢慢褪色的世界裡
· 獅的低吟,詩的回聲
【語言(三)】
· 相似的單詞,不同的意思
· 小米和 millet
· AM is love
· 什麼是不夠
· Easter: 詞的來源
· 論所謂的正能量 (On being posit
· Terr 是土地
· Radical 的意思是什麼?
· 努力的奴隸
· Tri 是三
【詩詞】
· 風箏:孩子離家
· 篝火
· 落日:致老去的人們
· 杜達爾和瑪麗亞
· Deep North
· Driving crazy
· 燃燒和發燒
· 滿月的冬夜
· 獻給空巢的父母
· Burning and burn out
【健康(三)】
· Mentally stimulating
· On obsessive compulsive disord
· 吃鹽和生育
· Ginger and gingerly
· Principle Based Medicine
· Why we need pain?
· 關於自閉症
· 健康的定義
· 針灸的原理
· 情感的守恆定律
【科學(三)】
· 數學及其在社會科學中的應用
· 為什麼光線弱的地方會覺得浪漫?
· 美是平均,美是不變的性質
· 顏色和溫度
· 簡潔就是美
· 棲息之地:健康的樹和瀕死的樹
· 落紅不是無情物,化作春泥更護花
· 為什麼肥沃的土地上很難找到先鋒
· 不平等,效率和系統維護成本
· 生物學的統一理論
【語言(二)】
· 論精美
· 鐵 (fer)
· 家
· 我,倭,和,we
· 鷦鷯,嬌嬈,wren, 人,文
· 牡丹,Botan, Botany
· 人多則移
· 英語中的幾個象形詞
· 他和它
· 趣味英語:一個不引人注意的前綴
【科學(二)】
· 基因突變不是完全偶然的
· 生物學和生態學的結合
· Energy consumption and cost
· 人類的平均壽命能到一百歲嗎?
· 蝴蝶效應並不存在 (兼論偏微分
· 科學與經濟學的統一
· 意識: 一個經濟學和物理學的理論
· 諾獎得主年齡的變遷
· 學科細分: 社會停滯和衰退的表徵
【健康(二)】
· On cortisol and other drugs
· 為什麼負氧離子有益健康
· 吃冰和減肥
· 實用生理學
· 為什麼曬太陽有好處?
· 為什麼練功經常用圓型姿式?
· 脈搏中包含多少信息?
· 外科手術不傷身體嗎?
· 頭痛醫腳
· 怎樣才能改善內臟的功能
【人口(二)】
· 政府的法律和自然的法律
· 出生率,平均壽命,生活水平和社
· Holmes stories: The number of
· 個體年齡和社會年齡
· 多子多福
· 人口塌陷: 真正的悲劇
· 華人的高智商和低生育率
· 走出非洲
· 生命就是競爭
· 什麼是文化
【人口】
· 聰明的代價:亞當和夏娃的故事
· 為什麼大道至簡
· 論移民
· 人口問題文章的一個匯總
· 人口警報?
· 人口紅利和人口投資
· 多生孩子: 靠政策,還是靠自己?
· 華而不實和春華秋實
· 勸君莫惜金縷衣,勸君惜取少年時
· 政府越大,出生率越低
【政治】
· 關於全民基本收入
· 六四還是六三?
· Iron and blood
· 華人參政不夠踴躍嗎?
· 誰得益於大政府?兼論美國大選
· 印一百元假鈔是犯罪,印一萬億真
· 量化寬鬆和豬肉注水
· 百年大勢和英國脫歐
【雜談】
· 搭錯車
· 龍圖騰的含義
· 個體的肥胖和社會的肥胖
· 在什麼年紀,做什麼事情
· 早晨出行和下午出行
· 男學生在哪裡?
· 賤和基本
· 少數的重要性
【經濟】
· 效用函數是什麼樣子的?
· 經濟學理論不應該建立在拓撲學基
· 誰是二十世紀最偉大的經濟學家?
· 誰是十九世紀最偉大的經濟學家?
· 非平衡態經濟學理論簡介
· 凱恩斯主義適用的環境
· 從日本的負利率談起
· 關於利率
· 生產過程各要素之間的關係
· 平衡態和非平衡態經濟學
【加拿大】
· 一個登山愛好者的歷險 (附視頻
· 回歸
· 海達圭遊記
· 天盡頭
· 紅河谷歌詞的變遷
· 洄游的三文魚
· 碧西(BC)的風景和阿省的風景
· 中加教育比較
【語言】
· 決定和 decide
· 仇的兩種讀法
· 小兒子教我讀書
· 漢語單詞的起源
· 舒服和束縛
· 姓張的人為什麼這麼多?
· 紐,妞,丑,new, 牛
· 姜太公的故事
· 語言的產生和演變
【科學】
· 科學研究:缺的是錢嗎?
· 數學:應用和樂趣
· 漢字和科學研究
· 社會生物學與社會
· 有趣的化學
· 蒲公英和科學研究
· 當代沒有科學大師嗎?
· 數學,美和現實
· 現實世界:理解數學的金鑰匙
【健康】
· 按摩腳底為什麼這麼重要?
· 中醫的療效(續)
· 從蛋白質的不同分解途徑看痛風的
· 中醫的療效
· 從哮喘的治療談預防
· 實用生理學
· 什麼是酸性食物?
· 肥胖和內臟功能
· 呼吸的方法
· 關於抑鬱
【科學與經濟】
· 閱讀The Unity of Science and E
· 信息和熵的等價性
· 知覺的簡單和數學的簡單
· 一流的研究: 真那麼難嗎?
存檔目錄
11/01/2024 - 11/30/2024
10/01/2024 - 10/31/2024
09/01/2024 - 09/30/2024
08/01/2024 - 08/31/2024
07/01/2024 - 07/31/2024
06/01/2024 - 06/30/2024
04/01/2024 - 04/30/2024
03/01/2024 - 03/31/2024
02/01/2024 - 02/29/2024
01/01/2024 - 01/31/2024
12/01/2023 - 12/31/2023
11/01/2023 - 11/30/2023
10/01/2023 - 10/31/2023
09/01/2023 - 09/30/2023
08/01/2023 - 08/31/2023
07/01/2023 - 07/31/2023
06/01/2023 - 06/30/2023
05/01/2023 - 05/31/2023
04/01/2023 - 04/30/2023
03/01/2023 - 03/31/2023
02/01/2023 - 02/28/2023
01/01/2023 - 01/31/2023
12/01/2022 - 12/31/2022
11/01/2022 - 11/30/2022
10/01/2022 - 10/31/2022
09/01/2022 - 09/30/2022
08/01/2022 - 08/31/2022
07/01/2022 - 07/31/2022
06/01/2022 - 06/30/2022
05/01/2022 - 05/31/2022
04/01/2022 - 04/30/2022
03/01/2022 - 03/31/2022
02/01/2022 - 02/28/2022
01/01/2022 - 01/31/2022
12/01/2021 - 12/31/2021
11/01/2021 - 11/30/2021
10/01/2021 - 10/31/2021
09/01/2021 - 09/30/2021
08/01/2021 - 08/31/2021
07/01/2021 - 07/31/2021
06/01/2021 - 06/30/2021
05/01/2021 - 05/31/2021
04/01/2021 - 04/30/2021
03/01/2021 - 03/31/2021
02/01/2021 - 02/28/2021
01/01/2021 - 01/31/2021
12/01/2020 - 12/31/2020
11/01/2020 - 11/30/2020
10/01/2020 - 10/31/2020
09/01/2020 - 09/30/2020
08/01/2020 - 08/31/2020
07/01/2020 - 07/31/2020
06/01/2020 - 06/30/2020
05/01/2020 - 05/31/2020
04/01/2020 - 04/30/2020
03/01/2020 - 03/31/2020
02/01/2020 - 02/29/2020
01/01/2020 - 01/31/2020
12/01/2019 - 12/31/2019
11/01/2019 - 11/30/2019
10/01/2019 - 10/31/2019
09/01/2019 - 09/30/2019
08/01/2019 - 08/31/2019
07/01/2019 - 07/31/2019
06/01/2019 - 06/30/2019
05/01/2019 - 05/31/2019
04/01/2019 - 04/30/2019
03/01/2019 - 03/31/2019
02/01/2019 - 02/28/2019
01/01/2019 - 01/31/2019
12/01/2018 - 12/31/2018
11/01/2018 - 11/30/2018
10/01/2018 - 10/31/2018
09/01/2018 - 09/30/2018
08/01/2018 - 08/31/2018
07/01/2018 - 07/31/2018
06/01/2018 - 06/30/2018
05/01/2018 - 05/31/2018
04/01/2018 - 04/30/2018
03/01/2018 - 03/31/2018
02/01/2018 - 02/28/2018
01/01/2018 - 01/31/2018
12/01/2017 - 12/31/2017
11/01/2017 - 11/30/2017
09/01/2017 - 09/30/2017
08/01/2017 - 08/31/2017
07/01/2017 - 07/31/2017
05/01/2017 - 05/31/2017
04/01/2017 - 04/30/2017
03/01/2017 - 03/31/2017
02/01/2017 - 02/28/2017
01/01/2017 - 01/31/2017
12/01/2016 - 12/31/2016
11/01/2016 - 11/30/2016
10/01/2016 - 10/31/2016
09/01/2016 - 09/30/2016
08/01/2016 - 08/31/2016
07/01/2016 - 07/31/2016
06/01/2016 - 06/30/2016
04/01/2016 - 04/30/2016
03/01/2016 - 03/31/2016
02/01/2016 - 02/29/2016
01/01/2016 - 01/31/2016
12/01/2015 - 12/31/2015
11/01/2015 - 11/30/2015
發表評論
作者:
用戶名: 密碼: 您還不是博客/論壇用戶?現在就註冊!
     
評論:
效用函數是什麼樣子的?
   

效用函數是什麼樣子的?



在主流經濟理論中,決策者最大化其效用函數。因此效用函數是主流經濟理論中最重要的概念。在學術文獻中,效用函數可以採取各種形式。但是我們每個人的效用函數是什麼?如果我們不知道我們自己的效用函數,我們如何最大化它呢?在本文中,我們將證明在非常一般的條件下,效用函數是對數函數。這樣,效用函數就成了一個有明確意義的概念。

當效用函數的概念在大約三百年前首次引入時,它是一個對數函數(Bernoulli,1738)。但在後來的文獻中,使用了許多形式的效用函數。最近,有些人證明對數函數等價於最大化幾何回報率,從進化論的角度,對數函數應該是效用函數的主要形式。更詳細討論請參考Sinn(2003)。我們用簡單的數學推導,證明在非常一般的條件下,效用函數是對數函數。 



假設我們去商店買兩件東西,一塊電池和一本書。如果電池和書是彼此獨立的,那麼一起考慮電池和書的效用,應該與單獨考慮的相同。 數學上,對於效用函數f,如果兩個變量x,y彼此獨立,則f(xy)= f(x)+ f(y)。通過一個簡單的方法(見附錄)可以證明,如果f(xy)= f(x)+ f(y),則f(x)必然是對數函數。因此,在非常一般的條件下,我們的效用函數是一個對數函數。 



上面的方法非常簡單。然而,該方法在科學中推導出一些非常重要的結果。在玻爾茲曼的墓碑上,刻着一個簡單的公式,S = k logW。這個公式將熵,S,與微觀狀態數,W,用對數函數聯繫起來。在香農的信息理論中,信息量,S,與信號的概率,P,通過對數函數S = -logP 聯繫起來。物理熵,信息和效用函數之間的相似性不是偶然的,它表明人類的思想,包括數學能力,是對物理世界的適應(Chen,2016)。 


我們用一個具體例子進一步闡述熵和信息的關係。想像扔兩個骰子,每個骰子有六個可能的結果,其玻爾茲曼熵為 log 6,兩個骰子共有 6*6 = 36個可能結果,其玻爾茲曼熵為 log 36,等於 log 6  +  log 6. 從香農信息論角度,扔骰子得到某個數字的概率是1/6,其信息量為-log(1/6) = log 6, 和玻爾茲曼熵一樣,扔兩個骰子,得到某個數字組合的概率是 1/6*1/6 = 1/36, 其信息量為-log(1/36) = - log(1/6)- log(1/6) = log(36).所以,熵和信息是等價的。 從上面的討論可知,乘法就是兩個事件一起發生。


在主流經濟理論中,人類行為的差異通常歸因於效用函數的差異。例如,年輕人和老年人之間的投資方式的差異通常歸因於他們的效用函數的差異。我們剛才證明,人們的效用函數是相同的,年輕人和老年人之間的投資方式 的差異可歸因於他們在收入和支出上的差異。老年人的支出通常比收入高。因此,他們的投資組合通常包括較高比例的固定收益資產以補償現金流出。年輕人通常定期為他們的養老基金繳款。因此,他們的投資組合通常包括較低的固定收益資產比例以補償現金流入。



在主流經濟理論中,效用函數可以採取無窮多種形式。但是實際數據總是有限的。因此,主流經濟理論不能被證偽。不可證偽的理論是一種科學理論嗎?相反,當效用函數是唯一的並且等於幾何回報率時,經濟理論變成可證偽的,並且可以從與實際問題的比較中改進。 

 

附錄

 

如果對任何變量 x, y, f(xy) = f(x) + f(y), 那麼 f(x) = k log(x).

證明: 在  f(xy) = f(x) + f(y) 兩邊, 對 x 求導,得到

       y f’(xy) = f’(x)

       讓 y = 1/x, 上面的等式成為  1/x f’(1) = f’(x). 所以

       f(x) = k log(x) + C,

       將上式代入 f(xy) = f(x) + f(y), 得到  C = 0, 因此

 f(x) = k log(x)



 參考文獻

 

Bernoulli, D. 1738 (1954).Exposition of a New Theory on the Measurement of Risk. Econometrica, 22(1), 23-36.

 

Chen,J, TheUnity of Science and Economics: A New Foundation of Economic Theory, (2016), Springer

 

Sinn, H. (2003). Weber’s law and the biological evolution of risk preferences: The selective dominance of the logarithmic utility function, The Geneva Papers on Risk and Insurance Theory 28, 87-100;

 

 


 
關於本站 | 廣告服務 | 聯繫我們 | 招聘信息 | 網站導航 | 隱私保護
Copyright (C) 1998-2024. Creaders.NET. All Rights Reserved.