五分钟英语:一个“愚蠢”,三个色调 很多语言没有区分 “Stupid”, “Foolish”,和 “Silly”。我参考了《商务新时代英汉大词典》和谷歌两个权威,发现这三个字都被译成“愚” 或“愚蠢”。(看图) 有趣的是,连火狐浏览器的网页汉英字典插件也把“愚蠢”这两个字翻成 “Stupid,Silly”。还有,比如日本语的 おろかな orokana 愚かな 和 孟加拉语的 বেআক্কেল bēākkēla 的英译都一样被翻成 “foolish , stupid , silly ”。 欧洲语言也很常不区分 “Stupid”,和 “Foolish”。权威词源网站 www.etymonline.com 有这么说:“The difference between stupid and the less opprobrious foolish ... does not exist in most European languages.” 可是在英语里, “Foolish”,“Stupid” 和 “Silly” 的微妙但很重要的区别可以从这个句子里看到: I always thought the words meant the same thing, but when I asked people was I stupid for doing such and such, they would say, "Not stupid but foolish.” 再举两个例子: I am not a stupid person but it was foolish of me to attempt to swim across the lake. It was stupid of me to mock the boss, and it was foolish of me to criticize my wife, but it was simply silly of me to sing in the rain. 叫人 “Stupid” 是个有侮辱性,严重的事。 它的意思确实是“愚蠢”。在西方,一个 “Stupid” 的人是可能有智商缺陷的人: Idiot (0 - 25 智商) Imbecile (26 - 50 智商) Moron (51 - 70 智商) Retard or slow (71 - 99 智商)。 (见美国人怎样骂人?) 从一个角度看“Stupid”意味着一种“永久状态”,而“Foolish”,和 “Silly”是短暂,一次性的。 和“Stupid” 对比,“Foolish”,和 “Silly” 毫无侮辱性,对这两个字我们不必太过敏感。“Foolish” 和 “Silly” 的意思很相近,“Foolish” 有 “不智”,“失策”,“不小心”的意思,而 “Silly” 则有“糊涂”,“憨”,“lack of common sense” 之意。在西方叫人家 “Foolish” 或 “Silly” 没啥大不了,当西方人说 “It was foolish of me to …” 或 “Silly me …” 时,他们只不过是对自己做很轻微的责备而已,同样,如果有人对我们这么说我们也无需过于介意。 美国人怎样骂人? 【五分钟英语】 |