五分鐘英語:一個“愚蠢”,三個色調 很多語言沒有區分 “Stupid”, “Foolish”,和 “Silly”。我參考了《商務新時代英漢大詞典》和谷歌兩個權威,發現這三個字都被譯成“愚” 或“愚蠢”。(看圖) 有趣的是,連火狐瀏覽器的網頁漢英字典插件也把“愚蠢”這兩個字翻成 “Stupid,Silly”。還有,比如日本語的 おろかな orokana 愚かな 和 孟加拉語的 বেআক্কেল bēākkēla 的英譯都一樣被翻成 “foolish , stupid , silly ”。 歐洲語言也很常不區分 “Stupid”,和 “Foolish”。權威詞源網站 www.etymonline.com 有這麼說:“The difference between stupid and the less opprobrious foolish ... does not exist in most European languages.” 可是在英語裡, “Foolish”,“Stupid” 和 “Silly” 的微妙但很重要的區別可以從這個句子裡看到: I always thought the words meant the same thing, but when I asked people was I stupid for doing such and such, they would say, "Not stupid but foolish.” 再舉兩個例子: I am not a stupid person but it was foolish of me to attempt to swim across the lake. It was stupid of me to mock the boss, and it was foolish of me to criticize my wife, but it was simply silly of me to sing in the rain. 叫人 “Stupid” 是個有侮辱性,嚴重的事。 它的意思確實是“愚蠢”。在西方,一個 “Stupid” 的人是可能有智商缺陷的人: Idiot (0 - 25 智商) Imbecile (26 - 50 智商) Moron (51 - 70 智商) Retard or slow (71 - 99 智商)。 (見美國人怎樣罵人?) 從一個角度看“Stupid”意味着一種“永久狀態”,而“Foolish”,和 “Silly”是短暫,一次性的。 和“Stupid” 對比,“Foolish”,和 “Silly” 毫無侮辱性,對這兩個字我們不必太過敏感。“Foolish” 和 “Silly” 的意思很相近,“Foolish” 有 “不智”,“失策”,“不小心”的意思,而 “Silly” 則有“糊塗”,“憨”,“lack of common sense” 之意。在西方叫人家 “Foolish” 或 “Silly” 沒啥大不了,當西方人說 “It was foolish of me to …” 或 “Silly me …” 時,他們只不過是對自己做很輕微的責備而已,同樣,如果有人對我們這麼說我們也無需過於介意。 美國人怎樣罵人? 【五分鐘英語】 |