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美国宪法第五修正案是美国权利法案的一部分,主要目的是以法定程序来防止政府权力的滥用。 修正案的相应表述来源于英国普通法并可追溯至1215年的大宪章。如其中大陪审团和正当程序的表述(在美利坚合众国宪法第十四条修正案中也有同样的措辞)均来源于大宪章。 No person shall be held to answer for a capital, or otherwise infamous crime, unless on a presentment or indictment of a Grand Jury, except in cases arising in the land or naval forces, or in the Militia, when in actual service in time of War or public danger; nor shall any person be subject for the same offense to be twice put in jeopardy of life or limb; nor shall be compelled in any criminal case to be a witness against himself, nor be deprived of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law; nor shall private property be taken for public use, without just compensation.[1] 中译: 任何人皆不应受死罪或其他重罪的审判,除非根据大陪审团的报告或起诉书,而但发生在陆、海军中或发生战时或出现公共危险时服役的民兵中的案件除外。任何人 不得因同一犯罪行为而两次遭受生命或身体的危害; 不得在任何刑事案件中被迫自证其罪; 不经正当法律程序,不得被剥夺生命、自由或财产; 不给予公平赔偿,私有财产不得充作公用。
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