CEO 真的值這麼多錢嗎”的博文。不過,那時金融危機還剛剛開始,美國經濟還處在道指高於萬點的“歌舞昇平“狀態,這個話題自然也沒有引起多少人的注意。兩年後的今天,隨着金融和經濟危機日益深重,華爾街高管們的“天價”薪酬自然也成為眾矢之的;而聯邦政府通過bail out 而成為一些大銀行的“事實股東”之一後,也有了合理合法的權力對高管們的報酬進行限制。今年早些時候,政府推出了關於接受政府救助資金的銀行必須限制獎金的發放的條例,對這些金融機構今年對管理人員的獎金額設置了上限。不過,華爾街的銀行家們可是最有創造性的(那些什麼金融衍生品,次貸包裝等等不都是他們想出來的嗎),你不讓發獎金?可以,那我們就給員工漲工資!你總沒有規定漲工資都不許吧?不過,道高一尺,魔高一丈,聯邦政府還真的出台了一個新的條例,將對這些大銀行高管的工資進行直接干預!
如果這個方案通過,5個接受了聯邦政府救助,但至今沒有還款的大銀行和兩個汽車公司
(花旗,美國,AIG, GM, GMAC,克萊斯勒, 以及Chrysler Financials)的25位最高薪管理人員(top 25 executive in each of these 7 companies),將被強行減薪。減薪的最大幅度可達90%!比如,在“災難最深重”的AIG 的trading division, 高級管理人員的最高薪酬不得超過$20萬(AIG 一共接受了將近$180 B 的聯邦救助款);AIG 的CEO Robert Benmosche 今年的總報酬本來應該達到$8 M, 包括$1 M的“performance based incentives" (笑話吧?); 作為CEO, Benmosche 的報酬不會受到$200,000 的上限限制,但根據這個改革方案,他的$7 M 報酬中將只有大約$3M 是現金,其餘的$4M 將會以股票的形式在今後五年內陸續付給。另外,方案還規定,超過$25,000 的“特殊費用”,比如特別的俱樂部會費,公司的飛機費用等等,必須通過有關監管部門批准才能使用。所以,GM 的高管們乘坐專機到華盛頓參加國會聽證這樣的“鬧劇”,以後恐怕是不會再發生了,呵呵。
$16.7 Billions, 換算成人均數字就是$500,000 per employee. 花旗今年發的員工獎金總數是$5.3Billions, 美國銀行是$3.3 Billions。 我認識的一個朋友的女兒去年剛大學畢業,分到美國銀行在芝加哥的分行。上班沒多久,就分到兩萬刀的獎金!害得我另外一個朋友一個勁後悔,自己”入錯了行”, 呵呵。而早已成為國家接管的重災戶“二房”(FMC, FME),也不受這個法案限制,因為救助它們的巨額資金,不是來自TARP 帳戶。因此,FMC 今年仍然將對CFO發放高達$5 M 的工資,其中包括$2 M 的“signing bonus"。
方案的另外一個具有更深遠效應的內容,則是引進更有效的
performance based compensation. 其實,以業績作為報酬的基礎在銀行界早就不是什麼新鮮事,但問題是以前的方法多是只看短期的業績。比如一個貸款業務員的年薪和獎金和發放的貸款數量直接相關,卻不管貸款的條例是否嚴格遵守,貸款人今後是否delinquent 等方面的表現。因此,就出現了只求“量”,不求“質”的現象。這種報酬制度所鼓勵的追求短期效應行為,從一定程度上應該為兩年前開始的次貸危機負一定的責任。因此,這個改革,在我看來是long time over due.
Thanks for visiting and commenting. Yes, agency problem is definitely part of the equation here, because the federal government now becomes a stakeholder of these banks through the bailout funds. It's always a problem when there's no effective corporate governance to make sure that the principles' (shareholders mostly) interests are taken care of by the agents (managers, CEOs, etc), especially when the board is becoming the rubber stamp of the top management teams. It's a problem without the government's involvement, but it's become even more complex with the government's involvement.
It's because of this same reason, I think the policies proposed in the two programs (the one targeting these 7 banks and firms) and the one targeting broader "audience", should be looked at differently. Because in the first group, the government is indeed a "stakeholder", and a principle; but in the second case, the government simply is an oversight body. so the roles played by FED in these two cases should be different.
Good article; but I do not think you hit the points. It is not about "干涉", it is about
1. an agency issue between shareholders (uncle sam) and CEOs; 2. whether the CEOs took excessive risks(induced by high compensation) which leads to the credit crsis.
if the government always bail them out, everyone will become the gambler and profit as much, as soon as possible, without any consequences. The financial policy is basically wrong, that encourage those peopla to gamble with other people's money. This is the "Achilles Heel" of this fake capitalism. This fake capitalism only protects those special interest, without fair competition and transparency. Imagine if someone gives you unlimited money to go to casino, what would you do?
With the development of capitalism, many big firms just beomes kind of state owned companies. Head I win, tail you lose.
This is not capitalism at all. 這是政府干預正常的自由市場,破壞了資本主義自由競爭,自由成功,自由失敗的基本原則。設想一下,如果政府去年不去救助那些 too big to fail, 而且去調查他們的欺騙行為,沒收他們的不法所得,你想以後他們還有誰敢輕易用別人的錢去賭博冒險。還有,如果放在公平,透明的環境裡讓他們競爭,而不是靠操縱黑市盈利,他們哪裡會賺取那麼高的盈利,那就自然不會發放天文數字的分紅。 這正是幾十年來,華盛頓保護華爾街賭博行為的惡果。
昭君,作為自由市場的推倡者,我是堅決反對政府對私人企業的干涉的,尤其是救助,工資限制,利率調整,cash for clunkers, 買房優惠,等等,因為這會干擾企業的正常運轉,和影響資本主義的自由競爭原則。 政府應該做的主要是防止和處罰欺騙,維持市場公平和透明,限制壟斷,調節糾紛,懲罰罪惡商業行為,像賄賂,商業賭博,等,但你可以注意到,美國政府應該做的沒有做,反而包庇冒險的賭博行為,徹底破壞了自由市場的基本原則。但我並不是贊成任由華爾街分派天文數字的分紅的,因為它們是用我們納稅人的錢生存下來的,華盛頓最應該做的應該是分拆這些“too big to fail”,讓它們在公平的市場原則下競爭,如果他們能在那中環境下盈利,那他們如何分紅就是他們自己的事了。