,美国和中国职场的“人际关系”,是有不少差别的。我感觉最大的一个差别就是,在这里如果本身没有过硬的专业能力,只有好的人际关系,是不大可能“吃得开”的;而在中国,这样的情况就太多了。为什么会有这个差别呢? 我想大概还是因为这边的职场竞争更厉害,老板对每个雇员的业务要求也更高的缘故吧。如果你业务上一问三不知,处理客户的意见毫无章法,上课水平一塌糊涂,学生怨声载道,就算人际关系再好,也没有什么用处。因为在市场竞争的大环境下,任何有common sense 的老板,都不会长期容忍一个incompetent 的雇员的。这种情况当然不是没有(尤其在政府部门可能还很常见),但相对来说,人际关系的作用,是在业务水平和能力相当的前提下更能显示出来的。那么,怎样才能培养良好的人际关系,并用它来帮助你的工作呢?
Lend your hand whenever possible。以前看过一些关于中国员工和印度员工的比较的文章,其中一个常被人提到的区别,就是中国人不喜欢互相帮助,甚至会相互拆台,而印度人则比较“抱团”,相互提携,因此在职场上集体的表现超过中国同胞。这点我想是比较准确的总结。这个不同的成因已经有不少人进行过分析,这里就不再花费笔墨。我想说的是,对已经在工作中积累了一些“资本”和经验的“前辈”来说,帮助新人,提携后进,绝对是一个利己又利他的事情,对培养和积累好的人际关系作用非常大。这和前面说的“拉帮结派”是完全不同的,因为你的出发点,是通过分享你自己的经验和教训,帮助新人尽快适应环境,取得好的业绩。有些人不愿意分享自己的经验,可能是考虑到“徒弟变成竞争者”的可能性,因此要做到这点,首先要对自己的能力和在公司的地位有相当的信心,否则你可能会处处设防,反而让人质疑你的动机和诚意。当然,这个“lending hands” 也不见得非要是长期的,系统的进行。有时候一个小小的鼓励,一点小小的“tips“,对你是举手之劳,对接受帮助的人,却可能是意义深重, 会记住很长时间。人心都是肉长的,将心比心,投桃报李,是人之常情。你帮助的人多了,在你需要帮助的时候,自然就会有别人愿意 lend you their hands。虽然这不是我们帮助他人的目的,但从人际关系的角度来说,肯定是beneficial。前几天参加系里人事小组对几位还没有终身的教授的年度评审,就遇到一个有争议的案例。虽然我因为是人事小组的组长(赶鸭子上架,轮流的),不能倾向性太明显,但还是“力挺”这位刚来才半年的同事(他因为不熟悉新的环境,加上其他一些客观因素,上学期的学生评审不是太好)。后来我请他吃饭,和他分享了一些自己的经验教训,并把自己去年的自我评审报告给他看。这些照理说都不是我份内的事,但在我是举手之劳,对别人却可能是及时雨呢。
第三,Bite your tongue whenever necessary, but dont hold back when you need to fight -- 保持中立,热心助人,并不是说你就一定要做个没有立场的老好人。当你的正当权益受到侵犯的时候,绝对不能逆来顺受,打落的牙齿往肚子里吞,否则别人会得寸进尺,把你当成好欺负的对象。话说回来,有人说你坏话,或者把你当成“办公室政治”的筹码,其实也是你实力增强的一个间接体现。为什么这么说呢? 这就又要回到前面提到的“美国公司的人际关系相对简单”的这个误区来了。实际上,这里的人际关系并不简单,同事上下级只见暗中使用各种手腕明争暗斗的情况也很多; 很多人之所以会有这个印象,多半是因为自己的实力和地位还没有达到足以威胁别人地位和利益的地步。而当你的实力和地位逐渐增强,就会有人认为你具有动他的"奶酪”的可能性,你也就会出现在“办公室政治”的雷达上了。对付这种不怀好意的“拳脚”,最好的办法就是让事实说话。当然,"小人是最不能得罪的,因为这种人毫无原则,使起下三滥的招数来,你很可能不是他们的对手。因此,bite your tongue whenever possible也是一个很重要的原则。
最后再加一条,
keep your friends close, but keep your enemies closer, 懂得如何平衡各种关系,应该是“办公室生存”的至理名言(虽然这里的"enemy",不是真正意义上的"敌人" ,但如果关系处理不好,就可能成为对你不利的因子,所以绝对不可掉以轻心)。比如上面说到的那位同事,在他找mentor 的时候,我就会建议他找一位对他有负面印象,但又在系里比较有影响的的教授。因为这样不仅可以给对方更多了解他的机会,也可以有的放矢,事半功倍.
当然,培养和使用人际关系的策略还有很多,比如懂得如何赞扬别人,怎样提建设性的意见,等等。有些以前已经写过,这里就不重复了。对这个话题有兴趣的朋友,请feel free to share your thoughts.
昭君, I created (I think) a joke at Rondo's "购买这类房屋时必须谨慎", Rando said it was "很有创意", so I guess it was not told yet before. I thought you might enjoy it, below:
I want to make a "not-so-respectful" joke...
"Guy friends out there, don't buy close to a golf course. If you do, not only you need to worry about golf balls, you will need to 防备 Tiger Woods as well"
I don't know whether I can really answer that question, but I'll try:
In my working environment, it is not very common for others to "steal" your ideas that easily, at least not outright obvious. This is because almost everything we do at a university setting has a "paper trail" - A lot of things are done in writing, in all kinds of correspondence - email, memos, letters, etc - which is why writing is so important to our jobs. I have a colleague whowill even ask anyone who leaves a phone message at her answering machine to also email her the same message, so she will have a "record" of what's being discussed. With such system, it is not hard to tell who contributed what, and when. Of course, not everything will be done in such a formal fashion, but I think have record of the important conversations and correspondence will help back you up when there's disagreement about who did what. It's a small tool, but can be effective.
Of course, with ambiguous job definitions and cross functional interactions in today's work environment, it's not uncommon for things to get out of hands and makes it condusive for others to "take credit" for your ideas and achievements.
Glad to know my “征文”had something to do with this wonderful production.
"您那中英文夹杂的特色..." It is not my 特色, it is my stupidity. I don't know a way to enter Chinese quickly. I am always amazed how you guys can write that much. I am so glad that firneds online can understand my "中英文夹杂" 的 comments. Thank you.
I actually have another “征文" - 王八掉灰堆,又憋气又窝火(how to handle credit issues at work, or what do you do when your credits are taken by those who 能说会道 in English?). This actually happens almost daily in American companies. I am totally over it, but still remember it was difficult for me some years ago.
twocentsworth: Thank you - I'm so flattered:). That piece was written on the train back from the seminar, and words just poured on to my screen without efforts. I was just so moved and touched by this great scholar. I shared the article with him afterwards, and he told me he really enjoyed it. I couldn't hope to get any compliment better than that:). Dr. Chen also sent me a new article he published which is somewhat related to a paper I was working on, and we might ask him to be our "internal reviewer" before sending the paper back to the journal for publication. It's such an englightening experience.
Your writing has always displayed great wisdom and a deep philosophical bent. This was no exception. Many live to a hundred and never attain such maturity.
"Bite your tongue whenever possible" -- agree, and you can bite your tongue PEACEFULLY. Your colleagues, your bosses, your boss's bosses.... they are all actually smart people. You do not have to always fight for yourself. 日久见人心. Believe in your bosses and colleagues. They are not stupid.
"小人是最不能得罪的,因为这种人毫无原则,使起下三滥的招数来,你很可能不是他们的对手" -- This is so true.
"背后说别人的坏话人", you know what they will say about you behind your back. So for thsee people, treat them professionally, all work. If it can't be all work, talk about weather :-). DO NOT 参加到他们的gossip中去 because they will twist your words to gossip your colleagues, not fair to your colleagues, and not good for YOU.
"keep your friends close, but keep your enemies closer" -- very wise! If you don't feel like 委屈 yourself, play 死猪不怕开水烫, 此处不留爷,自有留爷处,处处不留爷,爷再开条路.
Twocentsworth: Well said. One can never underestimate the influences of all the mentors in one's career. On the other hand, the people you helped or mentored will eventually become part of your social capital. Hence the saying "长江后浪推前浪,江山代有才人出".
昭君, This has been clearly another winning topic, 昭君. I just would like to add one comment to the discussion. Many of us have owed our career success to the mentors we had along the way. This mentorship is the best form of “guanxi” one can ever hope to cultivate. I know that my own career would not have been as successful, had it not been for the many mentors in my life. It is the flip side of 提携后进 you mentioned.
不好意思,这周实在太忙,所以无法写什么“ ”的东西啦。 你说的几点,很到位。当然我这篇主要写的是比较“大众”的职场,和old boy's business 还有些不同。真的到了那个“层次”,恐怕就是“Whom You Know, Not What You Know” 了。我们这一代的华裔,做到那个地步的还不多。
的确西方人有些做法让外国人感到“虚伪”,因为他们可以在面子上很绅士,但底 下却施展拳脚。不在一个地方待久了,还真会被迷惑呢。你说的这种情况也真是很 特别,因为你被双方都认为是对方的人,而不是一个“outsider", 如果是后者的话, 恐怕还对你有利,因为双方都可能会争取你,呵呵。这种情况下,如果你觉得平衡 很难,也许可以适当地和其中一些你更认同的人走的近一些,这样可以打破 me against them 的局面 (if you can't beat them, join them)。
万维is such an amazing place . A bunch of (very) enlightened (mostly) Chinese literati using 博克 calmly (usually, but not always) expounding on and debating current issues.
三.外柔内刚.这是我对第二点的补充.你做事坚持原则,或是争取自己的权益,不是说你要做一个张牙舞爪的人.一样的话,可以有一百种方式来说.你可以立场坚决,但是仍然可以用委婉的方式来表达.这样既达到了自己的目的,又不伤害对方的自尊心.这点很重要.如果对方觉得你伤害了他的自尊心,这就是美国人最爱说的 he bruised my ego!! :)他就会拼着老命和你斗了.所以,表达的艺术也至关重要.
昭君, I haven’t read any new “meaty” stuff from you for a few days and was beginning to suffer withdrawal symptoms. I was therefore glad to see this new composition and just had to get on the internet to share my “tcw”.
Everything you said is spot on. I would however point out that 人际关系 is definitely alive and well in North America (though as you said not to the same extent as in the East – not by any stretch of imagination).
If you scratch beneath the surface you will discover that 1. There is an “old boys’ club”. For example the top executives/officials of any enterprise seem to all have attended the same private school/Ivy League University or belonged to the same university fraternity house. 2. The all seem to belong to the same golf club.
And so on. But you are absolutely correct in saying that 关系 alone will not get you very far unless also accompanied by ability in your job. It is of course possible to only rely on 人际关系 to go up the career ladder. BUT this possibility is open only to those from the “moneyed families”, also known as the “old money”. Think of names like Kennedy, Rockerfeller.
(I hope your Chinese-proficient readers don’t mind me writing in English. It is easier when I’m away from home.)
你在我中庸之道后的留言impresses me。觉得你有思想而且真诚。 我的意思是主见不是防卫自己时才用的,比如开会有意见分歧,同事间有矛盾,有时该take stand,有时该shut up,不能一刀切。不过take stand也要讲方式,最重要的是不能得罪老板。I am not really that good at it, just barely get by. Since I am not an ambitious person, getting by is good enough for me. But for those who are ambitious, better get good at these.
欧阳: 谢谢你的分享。非常赞同。要做到完全没有私心是很难的,但处处斤斤计较,总要 问一个“What's in it for me?" 就不好了。所谓organizational citizenship behavior (OCB)指的就是go extra mile, go beyond the call of duty 的行为。有时候,真 的是“无心插柳柳成荫”。比如我做了好几个招聘小组的组长,虽然费时费力,也 没有什么眼前的“好处”,但我因此结识了一些非常棒的同行; 除了最后被聘用的几位候选人和我成为关系不错的同事以外,还有两位没有接受聘用的申请人,主动提出要和我合作写东西(当然主要是因为我们的兴趣比较接近,在讲座的时候我的一些问题和建议让对方觉得比较有建设性意义)。而且我也尽量参加其他专业的来访者的讲座,一来了解一些相关的研究动向,二来也是支持其他的招聘小组-- 还有一个“私心”, 就是希望别的招聘小组的成员会在我们的来访者present 的时候也来捧场支持 - this is reciprocity.
“善于表达自己的感受和要求”, 这点太重要了。网上对此也有很多讨论。中国人 的文化决定我们在这方面比较“含蓄”,总是觉得自己如果做了事情,别人总会看 到的。但在鼓励你“blow your own horns" 的环境里,太含蓄了就会成为你的障碍。 还有,“会叫的轮子先上油”, 只要不是过份的“抱怨”(像文章中说到的那样), 表达自己的不满和需求也是很重要的。但这已经超过了“人际关系”这个范畴了:)。