,美國和中國職場的“人際關係”,是有不少差別的。我感覺最大的一個差別就是,在這裡如果本身沒有過硬的專業能力,只有好的人際關係,是不大可能“吃得開”的;而在中國,這樣的情況就太多了。為什麼會有這個差別呢? 我想大概還是因為這邊的職場競爭更厲害,老闆對每個雇員的業務要求也更高的緣故吧。如果你業務上一問三不知,處理客戶的意見毫無章法,上課水平一塌糊塗,學生怨聲載道,就算人際關係再好,也沒有什麼用處。因為在市場競爭的大環境下,任何有common sense 的老闆,都不會長期容忍一個incompetent 的雇員的。這種情況當然不是沒有(尤其在政府部門可能還很常見),但相對來說,人際關係的作用,是在業務水平和能力相當的前提下更能顯示出來的。那麼,怎樣才能培養良好的人際關係,並用它來幫助你的工作呢?
Lend your hand whenever possible。以前看過一些關於中國員工和印度員工的比較的文章,其中一個常被人提到的區別,就是中國人不喜歡互相幫助,甚至會相互拆台,而印度人則比較“抱團”,相互提攜,因此在職場上集體的表現超過中國同胞。這點我想是比較準確的總結。這個不同的成因已經有不少人進行過分析,這裡就不再花費筆墨。我想說的是,對已經在工作中積累了一些“資本”和經驗的“前輩”來說,幫助新人,提攜後進,絕對是一個利己又利他的事情,對培養和積累好的人際關係作用非常大。這和前面說的“拉幫結派”是完全不同的,因為你的出發點,是通過分享你自己的經驗和教訓,幫助新人儘快適應環境,取得好的業績。有些人不願意分享自己的經驗,可能是考慮到“徒弟變成競爭者”的可能性,因此要做到這點,首先要對自己的能力和在公司的地位有相當的信心,否則你可能會處處設防,反而讓人質疑你的動機和誠意。當然,這個“lending hands” 也不見得非要是長期的,系統的進行。有時候一個小小的鼓勵,一點小小的“tips“,對你是舉手之勞,對接受幫助的人,卻可能是意義深重, 會記住很長時間。人心都是肉長的,將心比心,投桃報李,是人之常情。你幫助的人多了,在你需要幫助的時候,自然就會有別人願意 lend you their hands。雖然這不是我們幫助他人的目的,但從人際關係的角度來說,肯定是beneficial。前幾天參加系裡人事小組對幾位還沒有終身的教授的年度評審,就遇到一個有爭議的案例。雖然我因為是人事小組的組長(趕鴨子上架,輪流的),不能傾向性太明顯,但還是“力挺”這位剛來才半年的同事(他因為不熟悉新的環境,加上其他一些客觀因素,上學期的學生評審不是太好)。後來我請他吃飯,和他分享了一些自己的經驗教訓,並把自己去年的自我評審報告給他看。這些照理說都不是我份內的事,但在我是舉手之勞,對別人卻可能是及時雨呢。
第三,Bite your tongue whenever necessary, but dont hold back when you need to fight -- 保持中立,熱心助人,並不是說你就一定要做個沒有立場的老好人。當你的正當權益受到侵犯的時候,絕對不能逆來順受,打落的牙齒往肚子裡吞,否則別人會得寸進尺,把你當成好欺負的對象。話說回來,有人說你壞話,或者把你當成“辦公室政治”的籌碼,其實也是你實力增強的一個間接體現。為什麼這麼說呢? 這就又要回到前面提到的“美國公司的人際關係相對簡單”的這個誤區來了。實際上,這裡的人際關係並不簡單,同事上下級只見暗中使用各種手腕明爭暗鬥的情況也很多; 很多人之所以會有這個印象,多半是因為自己的實力和地位還沒有達到足以威脅別人地位和利益的地步。而當你的實力和地位逐漸增強,就會有人認為你具有動他的"奶酪”的可能性,你也就會出現在“辦公室政治”的雷達上了。對付這種不懷好意的“拳腳”,最好的辦法就是讓事實說話。當然,"小人是最不能得罪的,因為這種人毫無原則,使起下三濫的招數來,你很可能不是他們的對手。因此,bite your tongue whenever possible也是一個很重要的原則。
最後再加一條,
keep your friends close, but keep your enemies closer, 懂得如何平衡各種關係,應該是“辦公室生存”的至理名言(雖然這裡的"enemy",不是真正意義上的"敵人" ,但如果關係處理不好,就可能成為對你不利的因子,所以絕對不可掉以輕心)。比如上面說到的那位同事,在他找mentor 的時候,我就會建議他找一位對他有負面印象,但又在系裡比較有影響的的教授。因為這樣不僅可以給對方更多了解他的機會,也可以有的放矢,事半功倍.
當然,培養和使用人際關係的策略還有很多,比如懂得如何讚揚別人,怎樣提建設性的意見,等等。有些以前已經寫過,這裡就不重複了。對這個話題有興趣的朋友,請feel free to share your thoughts.
昭君, I created (I think) a joke at Rondo's "購買這類房屋時必須謹慎", Rando said it was "很有創意", so I guess it was not told yet before. I thought you might enjoy it, below:
I want to make a "not-so-respectful" joke...
"Guy friends out there, don't buy close to a golf course. If you do, not only you need to worry about golf balls, you will need to 防備 Tiger Woods as well"
I don't know whether I can really answer that question, but I'll try:
In my working environment, it is not very common for others to "steal" your ideas that easily, at least not outright obvious. This is because almost everything we do at a university setting has a "paper trail" - A lot of things are done in writing, in all kinds of correspondence - email, memos, letters, etc - which is why writing is so important to our jobs. I have a colleague whowill even ask anyone who leaves a phone message at her answering machine to also email her the same message, so she will have a "record" of what's being discussed. With such system, it is not hard to tell who contributed what, and when. Of course, not everything will be done in such a formal fashion, but I think have record of the important conversations and correspondence will help back you up when there's disagreement about who did what. It's a small tool, but can be effective.
Of course, with ambiguous job definitions and cross functional interactions in today's work environment, it's not uncommon for things to get out of hands and makes it condusive for others to "take credit" for your ideas and achievements.
Glad to know my “徵文”had something to do with this wonderful production.
"您那中英文夾雜的特色..." It is not my 特色, it is my stupidity. I don't know a way to enter Chinese quickly. I am always amazed how you guys can write that much. I am so glad that firneds online can understand my "中英文夾雜" 的 comments. Thank you.
I actually have another “徵文" - 王八掉灰堆,又憋氣又窩火(how to handle credit issues at work, or what do you do when your credits are taken by those who 能說會道 in English?). This actually happens almost daily in American companies. I am totally over it, but still remember it was difficult for me some years ago.
twocentsworth: Thank you - I'm so flattered:). That piece was written on the train back from the seminar, and words just poured on to my screen without efforts. I was just so moved and touched by this great scholar. I shared the article with him afterwards, and he told me he really enjoyed it. I couldn't hope to get any compliment better than that:). Dr. Chen also sent me a new article he published which is somewhat related to a paper I was working on, and we might ask him to be our "internal reviewer" before sending the paper back to the journal for publication. It's such an englightening experience.
Your writing has always displayed great wisdom and a deep philosophical bent. This was no exception. Many live to a hundred and never attain such maturity.
"Bite your tongue whenever possible" -- agree, and you can bite your tongue PEACEFULLY. Your colleagues, your bosses, your boss's bosses.... they are all actually smart people. You do not have to always fight for yourself. 日久見人心. Believe in your bosses and colleagues. They are not stupid.
"小人是最不能得罪的,因為這種人毫無原則,使起下三濫的招數來,你很可能不是他們的對手" -- This is so true.
"背後說別人的壞話人", you know what they will say about you behind your back. So for thsee people, treat them professionally, all work. If it can't be all work, talk about weather :-). DO NOT 參加到他們的gossip中去 because they will twist your words to gossip your colleagues, not fair to your colleagues, and not good for YOU.
"keep your friends close, but keep your enemies closer" -- very wise! If you don't feel like 委屈 yourself, play 死豬不怕開水燙, 此處不留爺,自有留爺處,處處不留爺,爺再開條路.
Twocentsworth: Well said. One can never underestimate the influences of all the mentors in one's career. On the other hand, the people you helped or mentored will eventually become part of your social capital. Hence the saying "長江後浪推前浪,江山代有才人出".
昭君, This has been clearly another winning topic, 昭君. I just would like to add one comment to the discussion. Many of us have owed our career success to the mentors we had along the way. This mentorship is the best form of “guanxi” one can ever hope to cultivate. I know that my own career would not have been as successful, had it not been for the many mentors in my life. It is the flip side of 提攜後進 you mentioned.
不好意思,這周實在太忙,所以無法寫什麼“ ”的東西啦。 你說的幾點,很到位。當然我這篇主要寫的是比較“大眾”的職場,和old boy's business 還有些不同。真的到了那個“層次”,恐怕就是“Whom You Know, Not What You Know” 了。我們這一代的華裔,做到那個地步的還不多。
的確西方人有些做法讓外國人感到“虛偽”,因為他們可以在面子上很紳士,但底 下卻施展拳腳。不在一個地方待久了,還真會被迷惑呢。你說的這種情況也真是很 特別,因為你被雙方都認為是對方的人,而不是一個“outsider", 如果是後者的話, 恐怕還對你有利,因為雙方都可能會爭取你,呵呵。這種情況下,如果你覺得平衡 很難,也許可以適當地和其中一些你更認同的人走的近一些,這樣可以打破 me against them 的局面 (if you can't beat them, join them)。
萬維is such an amazing place . A bunch of (very) enlightened (mostly) Chinese literati using 博克 calmly (usually, but not always) expounding on and debating current issues.
三.外柔內剛.這是我對第二點的補充.你做事堅持原則,或是爭取自己的權益,不是說你要做一個張牙舞爪的人.一樣的話,可以有一百種方式來說.你可以立場堅決,但是仍然可以用委婉的方式來表達.這樣既達到了自己的目的,又不傷害對方的自尊心.這點很重要.如果對方覺得你傷害了他的自尊心,這就是美國人最愛說的 he bruised my ego!! :)他就會拼着老命和你鬥了.所以,表達的藝術也至關重要.
昭君, I haven’t read any new “meaty” stuff from you for a few days and was beginning to suffer withdrawal symptoms. I was therefore glad to see this new composition and just had to get on the internet to share my “tcw”.
Everything you said is spot on. I would however point out that 人際關係 is definitely alive and well in North America (though as you said not to the same extent as in the East – not by any stretch of imagination).
If you scratch beneath the surface you will discover that 1. There is an “old boys’ club”. For example the top executives/officials of any enterprise seem to all have attended the same private school/Ivy League University or belonged to the same university fraternity house. 2. The all seem to belong to the same golf club.
And so on. But you are absolutely correct in saying that 關係 alone will not get you very far unless also accompanied by ability in your job. It is of course possible to only rely on 人際關係 to go up the career ladder. BUT this possibility is open only to those from the “moneyed families”, also known as the “old money”. Think of names like Kennedy, Rockerfeller.
(I hope your Chinese-proficient readers don’t mind me writing in English. It is easier when I’m away from home.)
你在我中庸之道後的留言impresses me。覺得你有思想而且真誠。 我的意思是主見不是防衛自己時才用的,比如開會有意見分歧,同事間有矛盾,有時該take stand,有時該shut up,不能一刀切。不過take stand也要講方式,最重要的是不能得罪老闆。I am not really that good at it, just barely get by. Since I am not an ambitious person, getting by is good enough for me. But for those who are ambitious, better get good at these.
歐陽: 謝謝你的分享。非常贊同。要做到完全沒有私心是很難的,但處處斤斤計較,總要 問一個“What's in it for me?" 就不好了。所謂organizational citizenship behavior (OCB)指的就是go extra mile, go beyond the call of duty 的行為。有時候,真 的是“無心插柳柳成蔭”。比如我做了好幾個招聘小組的組長,雖然費時費力,也 沒有什麼眼前的“好處”,但我因此結識了一些非常棒的同行; 除了最後被聘用的幾位候選人和我成為關係不錯的同事以外,還有兩位沒有接受聘用的申請人,主動提出要和我合作寫東西(當然主要是因為我們的興趣比較接近,在講座的時候我的一些問題和建議讓對方覺得比較有建設性意義)。而且我也儘量參加其他專業的來訪者的講座,一來了解一些相關的研究動向,二來也是支持其他的招聘小組-- 還有一個“私心”, 就是希望別的招聘小組的成員會在我們的來訪者present 的時候也來捧場支持 - this is reciprocity.
“善於表達自己的感受和要求”, 這點太重要了。網上對此也有很多討論。中國人 的文化決定我們在這方面比較“含蓄”,總是覺得自己如果做了事情,別人總會看 到的。但在鼓勵你“blow your own horns" 的環境裡,太含蓄了就會成為你的障礙。 還有,“會叫的輪子先上油”, 只要不是過份的“抱怨”(像文章中說到的那樣), 表達自己的不滿和需求也是很重要的。但這已經超過了“人際關係”這個範疇了:)。