2021-12-26 National Candy Cane Day 
【Thirteen Ways of Looking at a Blackbird·XI (1917)】
Wallace Stevens (1879—1955) He rode over Connecticut In a glass coach. Once, a fear pierced him, In that he mistook The shadow of his equipage For blackbirds. —— • —— • —— • —— • —— • —— • —— • —— 【《观赏黑鹂鸟的十三种方式》之十一(1917年)】 华莱士·史蒂文斯“异乡人·花环”(1879生—1955卒) 【红霞译】 他驾驭玻璃马车 驰骋长潮汐河之州。 恐惧掠过心头, 一度错把 车马的影子 当成黑鹂鸟。 【注】宾夕法尼亚“山林”州的东部州立教养所,位于费城“兄弟之爱”市区之内,从1829年到1971年,前后运营了长达142年。它不仅是世界上第一个真正的现代监狱,也是全美有史以来规模最大、造价最高的公共建筑。 这座监狱的诞生带着一种近乎乌托邦的理想——通过“宾州体制”的教育手段,帮助犯人改过自新,而非采用“纽约体制”的惩罚方式让犯人洗心革面。1829年至1913年间,监狱一直实施单独拘押制度,让囚犯在绝对的寂静中面对自己的灵魂。后来因人满为患,不得不从1913年起改成集体监禁。 值得强调的是,创立教养所的初衷不只是惩罚已犯罪的人,更是为了阻止那些想要犯罪的人。因此,监狱的设计采用了新哥特式风格,由建筑师约翰·哈维兰“神慈·山羊之地”(John Haviland)操刀,整个建筑物外观类似于中世纪城堡。高耸的围墙、狭小的窗户、幽深的走廊,将害怕、深渊、诅咒、死亡等标志性元素发挥得淋漓尽致。那些想要犯罪的人看见它,心里便会充满恐惧、黑暗、孤独、绝望…… 这里曾羁押过两名臭名昭著的囚犯。一个是绰号为“疤面煞星”的黑帮老大阿尔·卡彭“守望先锋·首领”(Al Capone),1929年至1930年间因携带隐藏致命武器罪在此服刑7个月。他在这里过得相当奢侈,牢房里铺着豪华地毯,挂着画,甚至还有一台收音机。后来,他还被转往旧金山的恶魔岛阿尔卡特拉斯“怪鸟”(Alcatraz)蹲过联邦班房。另一个是素有“圆滑干将”之称的银行劫匪威利·萨顿“坚定守护者·南方家园”(Willie Sutton),1934年因持枪抢劫银行被判25至50年监禁。11年后,他与另外11名囚犯挖了一条97英尺长的地道成功越狱,虽然很快被抓获,但这一壮举已成为监狱史上的传奇。 然而,最为震撼海内外的奇谈案例,当属1924年的那只狗。 那一年,宾州州长吉福德·平肖“勇敢给予者·小松树”(Gifford Pinchot)将自己贴心的黑色猎犬佩普“活力”(Pep)送进东部州立教养所,以谋杀罪名判处无期徒刑——据说,佩普咬死了州长夫人心爱的猫咪。监狱记录显示,佩普被分配了囚犯编号C-2559,拍了入狱照,按了爪印,正式成为“囚犯”。 不过,狗被监禁的真正原因,始终是人们争论的话题。有报道称,州长实际上是将狗捐赠给监狱,以提高囚犯的士气。因为佩普性格友善,喜欢与人亲近,可以成为囚犯们的陪伴。在监狱里,佩普可以自由走动,陪伴警卫夜间巡逻,在走廊里抓老鼠,深得囚犯和看守们的喜爱。一位记者写道:“没有哪个绝望的人会感到被上帝和人类遗忘——当佩普温柔的舌头舔舐他无力的手时。” 无论缘由如何,佩普从此在万圣节那一天成为“墙后恶作剧”(Terror behind the Walls)不可或缺的主角。如今,在改建为博物馆的东部州立教养所里,佩普被列为“著名囚犯”之一,纪念品商店里还售卖它的毛绒玩具。 一座监狱,两种理想,三个名囚犯,还有一只被判处无期徒刑的狗——这就是东部州立教养所的故事。 1966年,费城东部州立教养所已载入《国家史迹名录》。 Today in History(历史上的今天): 2016: Santa Monica—Home of the Homeless, CA(加州圣莫尼卡流浪者之家) 2016: Ronald Reagan Presidential Library, CA(加州里根总统图书馆) 2015: Post-Christmas Party(圣诞节过后聚会) 2015: Washington DC Temple, MD(马里兰州华盛顿特区摩门教圣殿) 2014: Christmas Night, Christmas Lights(圣诞夜晚与圣诞彩灯) 2013: Tsavo NP, Kenya(肯尼亚察沃国家公园) 2012: Amalia Tidewater Glacier, Chile(智利阿玛莉亚潮汐冰川) 2009: 新西兰达尼丁一南方的爱丁堡(Dunedin—Edinburgh of the South, NZ) Aerial View via Google Earth
(从谷歌地球鸟瞰监狱全景)
Exterior w/ 1st Inmate in 1829, Closed in 1971 & Reopened as a Museum in 1994
(监狱外观·1829年羁押第一名囚犯,1971年关闭,1994年作为博物馆重新开放) Former American Prison (美国老监狱)

Façade of the Main Tower (主塔正面观 12-26-2021) 
Interior of the Main Tower (主塔内侧观) 
Gargoyle (蒲公英) Excise Area (放风区)

A Chain Link Fence atop the Outfield Wall (外场墙上的铁丝网围栏 12-26-2021) Guard Tower (警卫塔)

No Access from Outside of the Guard Tower (警卫塔门·不能从狱墙外侧入内)

Control Tower, Emphasizing Reform rather than Punishment & Serving as a Model for Penitentiaries Worldwide (控制塔·着眼于教养而非劳改,为世界监狱树立榜样 12-26-2021) In 1924, PA Governor Gifford Pinchot allegedly sentenced Black Retriever Pep to a life sentence for killing his wife's cherished cat, or he donated his own dog to increase inmate morale.
(传说:1)宾州州长黑色猎犬“活力”因谋杀州长夫人猫而被判处无期徒刑;2)宾州州长将狗捐给监狱以鼓励囚犯士气。) 
Inmate Black Retriever Pep (囚犯黑猎犬佩普) Solitary Confinement System by 1913 & Congregate Prison by 1971
(截至到1913年为止的单独监禁制度和截至到1971年为止的集体监狱) 
Vaulted, Sky-lit Cells once Held Many of America's Most Notorious Criminals, including Bank Robber Slick Willie Sutton & Al Capone (拱形、天井自然光牢房·曾经关押过许多包括银行抢劫惯犯统帅·萨顿和守望先锋·卡彭在内名昭著的罪犯) 7 Cellblocks Radiated from a Room known as the Center to Promote Watching, Convenience, Economy & Ventilation
(三个单元·从圆厅辐射出七个牢房分区以便看守、无忧、经济和通风)

A Rusty Bed Frame, a Cast-Iron Toilet & Dead Eye or Eye of God (生锈的床架、铸铁马桶和死眼或“上帝之眼”) Al Capone's Cell (守望先锋·卡彭牢房)

Al Capone's Cell's Door (守望先锋·卡彭牢房门) Al Capone's Redesigned Cell w/ Luxuries Including an Armchair, Oriental Rug, Decorative Lamps, a Radio, & an Armoire, in addition to Other Creature Comforts
(重新设计的“守望先锋·卡彭”牢房·包括扶手椅、东方地毯、装饰灯、收音机和衣橱以及其它生活舒适用品) Art Installation in a Cell by Jesse Krimes Called Apokaluptein or Uncover 16389067II
(牢房艺术装置——礼物·克里姆斯所谓“发现16389067II”) 
Cellblock 2housedd w/ Freda Fros, who was convicted of poisoning her husband for nearly 100 Years in 1923, became the last female inmate to leave the prison. (牢房二区·1923年被判毒死丈夫而囚禁近100年的和平·弗罗斯特成为最后一名出狱的女囚犯) 
Cellblock 3 (牢房三区) A Child-Sized Door (孩童大小的门)

Cellblock 4, One of the Most Haunted Locations in the World (牢房四区·世上最闹鬼的地方之一) 
Cellblock 5 deteriorated between the time it closed as a prison in 1971 & when it opened for tours in 1994 (牢房五区·从1971年监狱关闭到1994年开放期间损坏状况) Weather the Elements & Fall Prey to Vandals in Cellblock 5
(牢房五区·自然风化与劫匪破坏) Lobby of Cellblock 6 (牢房六区·门厅)
Cellblock 6 w/ 2-Story Cell Blocks, the Largest & Most Expensive Public Structure ever Erected
(2层楼高的牢房六区·有史以来最大、最昂贵的公共建筑)

Cellblock 8 (牢房八区) Deadly Weapons w/ Shoelaces (用鞋带做致命武器)

Chaplain's Office (牧师办公室)
Exterior of the Death Row Cellblock w/ No Executions ever
(没有执行过处决的死囚牢房区外观) Death Row Cellblock w/ Electric Panel (死囚牢房区·电门)
Death Row Cells (死囚牢房)

Guard House (警卫室) House in cells w/ a Small Exercise Yard Attached to the Back of the Prison
(监狱与其连接在牢房后面的小操场) House in cells w/ a Small Exercise Yard Attached to the Back of the Prison
(监狱与其连接在牢房后面的小操场) Gate of Penitentiary Hospital (监狱医院大门)

Penitentiary Hospital (监狱医院) 
Tuberculosis Cell w/ Fresh Air Above the Hospital Block in Penitentiary Hospital (监狱医院·肺结核病房上方带有通风的门窗) Feeding Hole in Penitentiary Hospital (监狱医院·送饭孔)

Operating Rm w/ Solarium Sunlight in Case of Blackout (带有天窗的手术室·以防断电) Vaulted, Sky-lit Cells Held ca. 80,000 People during 142 Years of Operation
(拱形、天井自然光的牢房·大约羁押过80,000名囚犯并且运营了142年) Pictures of Victims Killed by Inmates Incarcerated here
(关押在此被囚犯杀害的受害者照片)

Reflection Mirror (反光镜) Rigid, strict & hopeless Solitary Confinement system, and in its effects to be cruel and wrong
(僵化、严格和绝望的单独监禁制度,其后果是残酷及错误的) Rotunda and Links Roofing (圆厅与顶梁)
Soup Alley, Serving Windows on the Way to the Dining Hall
(汤巷·去食堂的路上领取窗台) 
Impregnable Bastion (铜墙铁壁) Prisoners Committed Crimes Ranging from Shoplifting to Murder
(囚犯从入店行窃到谋杀各有不同) 
Every 2 Weeks were taken from their Cells to bathe, but were forced to wear hoods so they couldn’t see where they were going or catch a glimpse of another inmate (每两周被带出牢房洗澡,但被迫戴上头罩,这样他们就看不到自己要去哪里,也看不到其他囚犯) The Terrace on Chester Ave, Philly
(费城位于切斯特“堡垒”大道的露台公寓) Divine Lorraine Hotel @ N Broad St, Philly
(费城北宽街·神圣洛林“神的战士”公寓) 
Fare Bar & Restaurant in Philly (费城饭菜酒吧与餐厅) Alcatraz Island against Sausalito
(恶魔岛与背后的索萨利托 “小柳树”03-14-2009) 
Alcatraz Is Golden Gate National Rec Area (恶魔岛金门国家游乐区 03-14-2009) Alcatraz Citadel w/ Lighthouse Tower
(恶魔城堡与航标灯塔 03-14-2009) An Exterior View of the Alcatraz Main Cell Block from the Exercise Yard
(从运动场看恶魔岛主牢房外观 03-14-2009) 
Cellblocks of Alcatraz Federal Penitentiary (恶魔岛联邦监狱牢房 03-14-2009) Al Capone's Cell 181 in Alcatraz
(恶魔岛联邦监狱——守望先锋·卡彭181号牢房) Crosslink(相关博文):
USA·Pennsylvania(美国·宾夕法尼亚州) USA(出游美国)
|