2024-06-22 National Onion Ring Day

【Areopagitica】

John Milton (1608-1674)

Where there is much desire to learn, there of necessity will be much arguing, much writing, many opinions; for opinion in good men is but knowledge in the making.

—— • —— • —— • —— • —— • —— • —— • ——

【《论出版自由》】

(英国)神慈·米尔顿“磨坊地”(1608生—1674卒)

【红霞译】

                迫切渴望

                学习的地方，必定

                争论也多，

                多动笔、多主见；

                好人的观点成就知识。

【注】放眼伦敦港附近个把钟头车程范围内的景点，我一时拿不出最佳选择，于是石头剪刀布就指定了利兹“沸腾”城堡。这是诺曼“北方”男爵(地位仅次于国王)建造的第一座石头城堡，也是英格兰最著名的堡垒之一，自称“世界上最可爱的城堡”，来后方才确证并非夸张。

这座经过精心修缮的建筑曾是撒克逊“英国低地”庄园、诺曼堡垒、六位中世纪女王的寓所、亨利“领主”八世御用宫殿和私人住宅，除了13世纪门楼以及很多房间仍然再现中世纪和都铎“人民之王”时期(1485—1603)的遗风之外，现存的大部分建筑结构几乎均属于19世纪初的产物。

Today in History(历史上的今天):

2024: Port of London @ Tilbury, England(英格兰蒂尔伯里·伦敦港)

2016: Flushing, the Chinese Manhattan NYC(纽约城法拉盛·唐人街)

2015: New Monastery of Khios, Greece(希腊希俄斯岛·新修道院)

2015: Homer's Stone on Khios, Greece(希腊希俄斯岛·荷马岩)

2015: Painting & Mastic Gum of Khio, GR(希腊希俄斯岛·彩绘和乳香树脂)

2015: Medieval Fortified Village, Khios(希腊希俄斯岛·中世纪土围子)

2014: California Pizza Kitchen, PA(宾州加利福尼亚“火炉”皮萨饼屋)

Leeds Castle & Its Moat from the Rear

(利兹城堡及其后方的护城河 06-22-2024)

Transformation from a Tudor Palace to a Jacobean House to a Georgian Mansion

(从都铎王朝的宫殿到詹姆士“后继者”一世时期的庄园再到乔治“农夫”王朝时期的豪宅)

13^th-Century Gloriette @ L & New Castle @ R  from the Western Side of the Surrounding Lake

(从环周湖泊的西侧可看到左侧13世纪亭阁和右侧新城堡)

13^th-Century Bridge over the Moat

(护城河上13世纪小桥)

Bridge over the Moat (护城河上13世纪小桥)

Tranquil Scene w/ the Gatehouse by the Moat

(护城河边门楼的宁静景色)

A Wide Panoramic View of Leeds Castle from across the Moat on the North West Side

(从西北侧护城河对面可以欣赏到利兹城堡的全景)

Leeds Castle, Home to 6 English Queens & a Playground of Henry VIII Fed by the River Len

(位于勇狮河畔的利兹城堡·6位英国女王的寓所和亨利八世的游乐场)

Fortified Mill, the Barbican, & Firtified Mill Entrance

(加固的磨坊、碉堡和坚实磨坊入口)

13^th-Century Gloriette, One of the Very Oldest Parts of the Castle

(13世纪的亭阁·城堡最古老的部分之一)

Holiday Cottages-Keepers House near Moat

(护城河附近度假小屋—守护者之家)

Motte-and-Bailey Castle (城寨城堡)

Barbican， Gate， Mill Ruins， & Summer Garden

(碉堡、城门、磨坊废墟和夏园)

Late Norman Structure w/ Portcullis or Iron Grille

(晚期北方人结构·带吊闸或铁栅栏)

Medieval Entrance to the Castle Country House Guard Arch

(城堡乡村别墅防御拱门的中世纪入口)

Gate Tower Built in the 13^th-Century

(建于13世纪的门楼)

Former Royal Residence & Home to Catherine of Aragon Completed in 1823 in the Tudor Style

(前皇家御所和亨利八世第一任王后阿拉贡“适宜上方谷地”的凯瑟琳“纯洁”故居·于1823年建成，采用都铎风格)

Maiden's Tower, a 16^th-century Bldg from the Reign of Henry VIII

(少女塔·亨利八世统治时期16世纪建筑)

Much of the Main Castle Rebuilt in the 1820s Including the Impressive Facade, Creating the New Castle

(18世纪20年代重建了大部分主城堡，包括印象深刻的城堡正立面而成为新式城堡)

Upper Bridge Corridor (上桥廊道)

Salon's Interior Decoration from the Era of Lady Baillie @ the 11^th-12^th Century

(城堡主人贝利“法警”夫人时代的接待室内装饰·承袭了11世纪—12世纪风格)

A Spiral Staircase Added in the Style of the 16^th Century to the South Side of the Fountain Court by French Designer Armand-Albert Rateau

(法国设计师在喷泉庭院南侧增建了16世纪风格的螺旋楼梯)

Dining Hall w/ Beautiful Windows (带有美窗的餐厅)

Interior of a Small Porch by the Inner Courtyard

(内院旁小门厅内景)

Once Part of the Royal Quarters in the Gloriette, this room became a bedroom in 1822, & later served as Lady Baillie's bedroom. The Crocodile Skin Travelling Case & Many Other Objects Authentic Possessions of Lady Baillie

(这间房间曾是亭阁内的皇家住所一部分，于1822年改成卧室，乃至城堡主人贝利夫人的卧室，鳄鱼皮旅行箱和许多其它物件均为贝利夫人的真品)

Bedchamber of Henry VIII's 1^st Wife, Catherine of Aragon Remained as a Bedroom for Most of the Following Centuries Before Becoming a Sitting Rm During the Time of Lady Baillie

(亨利八世第一任妻子阿拉贡的凯瑟琳卧室在接下来的几个世纪里一直被用作卧室，直到贝利夫人时期才变成客厅)

Queen's Bathrm w/ Gothic Window

(带哥特式窗户的女王浴室)

Library (图书馆)

Dining Rm (餐厅 06-22-2024)

Wall Decorated w/ Antique Plates & Vase

(蒲公墙上装饰有古董盘子和花瓶)

Aragon Pomegranate Badge (阿拉贡石榴徽章)

Corridor to Gallery (通往画廊的过道)

Exhibition Rm from the Middle Ages (中世纪展览室)

Private Dining Rm (私人用餐室)

Dining Table w/ 1930's Drinks & Glasses

(餐桌上摆放着19世纪30年代的饮料和玻璃杯)

Bird Specimen Hall w/ Aviary (摆放着大鸟笼的鸟类标本馆)

Bird Feathers (鸟毛)

View of Staircase (楼梯景观)

Lady Baillie's Weekend Retreat

(贝利夫人周末度假胜地)

Large Pair of Chinese Porcelain Phoenix Birds

(一对中国瓷凤凰鸟)

Thorpe Hall, the Principal Drawing Room Since 1822

(小村庄厅·自1822年以来一直用作主会客厅)

Vintage Red Lacquer Panel w/4-pane, Coromandel Screen, Chinese Room Divider

(复古红漆面板·4面乌木屏风中式隔板)

Red Lacquer Chinese Screen (红漆屏风)

Brass Lion Door Knocker on a Wooden Door

(木门上的黄铜狮子门环)

Cedar Pond (雪松池)

Rustic Pavilion @ the Princess Alexandra Gardens

(亚历山德拉“人类捍卫者”公主花园·乡村亭阁)

Lakeside Lodges Immersed in Nature

(融入大自然的湖畔小屋)

The Maze, Constructed of 2,400 Yew Trees w/ the General Appearance of a Topiary Castle

(由2,400棵紫杉树建造的迷宫·外观类似修剪过的城堡)

Greek Monster Typhoeus inside the Shell Grotto

(贝壳洞穴·希腊怪物百头巨怪)

Cave of Pan Venerated in Classical Antiquity the God Pan inside the Shell Grotto

(贝壳洞穴·古代被尊崇为潘“保护”神的潘神洞窟)

The Rime of the Ancient Mariner

by Samuel Taylor Coleridge 

            The fair breeze blew, 

            The white foam flew, 

            And the furrow followed free. 

            We were the first to ever burst into the silent sea.

—— • —— • —— • —— 

《远古水手之歌》

——塞缪尔·泰勒·柯尔律治“上帝之名·烧炭山脊”

                风徐徐吹，白浪翩翩飞，

                水花任意随船尾。    

                我们是第一群人，闯入那沉寂的海域。

Mermaids from the Wall Representing the 4 Elements Earth, Wind, Fire, & Water inside the Shell Grotto

(贝壳洞穴·墙内美人鱼代表着土、风、火和水四种元素)

Shell Grotto, Grotesque Green Monsters Head w/ Red Eyes & Mouth in Hermit's Cave

(贝壳洞穴·隐士洞穴中怪诞的绿色怪物头上长着红眼睛和红嘴巴)

Eerie Figures & Faces Carved into the Rocks

(岩石上雕刻的怪人面孔)

Inside Shell Grotto (贝壳洞穴内)

Aragon the Dragon Carved out on the Stump of an Old Cedar Tree

(雕刻在古老雪松树桩上的阿拉贡巨龙)

Chainsaw Carving (电锯雕刻)

Bench Made of Yew Tree Trunk (紫衫树干长凳)

Bench Made of Yew Tree Trunk (紫衫树干长凳)

Waterfowls (水禽)

Local Flowers (当地花卉)

John Milton's Plaque @ Library Walk Fame, NYC

(纽约图书馆星光大道地标《神慈·米尔顿“磨坊地”》)

Crosslinks(相关博文):

UK(出游英国)

Europe(欧洲掠影)