2024-06-22 National Onion Ring Day

【Areopagitica】

John Milton (1608-1674)

Where there is much desire to learn, there of necessity will be much arguing, much writing, many opinions; for opinion in good men is but knowledge in the making.

—— • —— • —— • —— • —— • —— • —— • ——

【《論出版自由》】

(英國)神慈·米爾頓“磨坊地”(1608生—1674卒)

【紅霞譯】

                迫切渴望

                學習的地方，必定

                爭論也多，

                多動筆、多主見；

                好人的觀點成就知識。

【注】放眼倫敦港附近個把鐘頭車程範圍內的景點，我一時拿不出最佳選擇，於是石頭剪刀布就指定了利茲“沸騰”城堡。這是諾曼“北方”男爵(地位僅次於國王)建造的第一座石頭城堡，也是英格蘭最著名的堡壘之一，自稱“世界上最可愛的城堡”，來後方才確證並非誇張。

這座經過精心修繕的建築曾是撒克遜“英國低地”莊園、諾曼堡壘、六位中世紀女王的寓所、亨利“領主”八世御用宮殿和私人住宅，除了13世紀門樓以及很多房間仍然再現中世紀和都鐸“人民之王”時期(1485—1603)的遺風之外，現存的大部分建築結構幾乎均屬於19世紀初的產物。

Today in History(歷史上的今天):

2024: Port of London @ Tilbury, England(英格蘭蒂爾伯里·倫敦港)

2016: Flushing, the Chinese Manhattan NYC(紐約城法拉盛·唐人街)

2015: New Monastery of Khios, Greece(希臘希俄斯島·新修道院)

2015: Homer's Stone on Khios, Greece(希臘希俄斯島·荷馬岩)

2015: Painting & Mastic Gum of Khio, GR(希臘希俄斯島·彩繪和乳香樹脂)

2015: Medieval Fortified Village, Khios(希臘希俄斯島·中世紀土圍子)

2014: California Pizza Kitchen, PA(賓州加利福尼亞“火爐”皮薩餅屋)

Leeds Castle & Its Moat from the Rear

(利茲城堡及其後方的護城河 06-22-2024)

Transformation from a Tudor Palace to a Jacobean House to a Georgian Mansion

(從都鐸王朝的宮殿到詹姆士“後繼者”一世時期的莊園再到喬治“農夫”王朝時期的豪宅)

13^th-Century Gloriette @ L & New Castle @ R  from the Western Side of the Surrounding Lake

(從環周湖泊的西側可看到左側13世紀亭閣和右側新城堡)

13^th-Century Bridge over the Moat

(護城河上13世紀小橋)

Bridge over the Moat (護城河上13世紀小橋)

Tranquil Scene w/ the Gatehouse by the Moat

(護城河邊門樓的寧靜景色)

A Wide Panoramic View of Leeds Castle from across the Moat on the North West Side

(從西北側護城河對面可以欣賞到利茲城堡的全景)

Leeds Castle, Home to 6 English Queens & a Playground of Henry VIII Fed by the River Len

(位於勇獅河畔的利茲城堡·6位英國女王的寓所和亨利八世的遊樂場)

Fortified Mill, the Barbican, & Firtified Mill Entrance

(加固的磨坊、碉堡和堅實磨坊入口)

13^th-Century Gloriette, One of the Very Oldest Parts of the Castle

(13世紀的亭閣·城堡最古老的部分之一)

Holiday Cottages-Keepers House near Moat

(護城河附近度假小屋—守護者之家)

Motte-and-Bailey Castle (城寨城堡)

Barbican， Gate， Mill Ruins， & Summer Garden

(碉堡、城門、磨坊廢墟和夏園)

Late Norman Structure w/ Portcullis or Iron Grille

(晚期北方人結構·帶吊閘或鐵柵欄)

Medieval Entrance to the Castle Country House Guard Arch

(城堡鄉村別墅防禦拱門的中世紀入口)

Gate Tower Built in the 13^th-Century

(建於13世紀的門樓)

Former Royal Residence & Home to Catherine of Aragon Completed in 1823 in the Tudor Style

(前皇家御所和亨利八世第一任王后阿拉貢“適宜上方谷地”的凱瑟琳“純潔”故居·於1823年建成，採用都鐸風格)

Maiden's Tower, a 16^th-century Bldg from the Reign of Henry VIII

(少女塔·亨利八世統治時期16世紀建築)

Much of the Main Castle Rebuilt in the 1820s Including the Impressive Facade, Creating the New Castle

(18世紀20年代重建了大部分主城堡，包括印象深刻的城堡正立面而成為新式城堡)

Upper Bridge Corridor (上橋廊道)

Salon's Interior Decoration from the Era of Lady Baillie @ the 11^th-12^th Century

(城堡主人貝利“法警”夫人時代的接待室內裝飾·承襲了11世紀—12世紀風格)

A Spiral Staircase Added in the Style of the 16^th Century to the South Side of the Fountain Court by French Designer Armand-Albert Rateau

(法國設計師在噴泉庭院南側增建了16世紀風格的螺旋樓梯)

Dining Hall w/ Beautiful Windows (帶有美窗的餐廳)

Interior of a Small Porch by the Inner Courtyard

(內院旁小門廳內景)

Once Part of the Royal Quarters in the Gloriette, this room became a bedroom in 1822, & later served as Lady Baillie's bedroom. The Crocodile Skin Travelling Case & Many Other Objects Authentic Possessions of Lady Baillie

(這間房間曾是亭閣內的皇家住所一部分，於1822年改成臥室，乃至城堡主人貝利夫人的臥室，鱷魚皮旅行箱和許多其它物件均為貝利夫人的真品)

Bedchamber of Henry VIII's 1^st Wife, Catherine of Aragon Remained as a Bedroom for Most of the Following Centuries Before Becoming a Sitting Rm During the Time of Lady Baillie

(亨利八世第一任妻子阿拉貢的凱瑟琳臥室在接下來的幾個世紀裡一直被用作臥室，直到貝利夫人時期才變成客廳)

Queen's Bathrm w/ Gothic Window

(帶哥特式窗戶的女王浴室)

Library (圖書館)

Dining Rm (餐廳 06-22-2024)

Wall Decorated w/ Antique Plates & Vase

(蒲公牆上裝飾有古董盤子和花瓶)

Aragon Pomegranate Badge (阿拉貢石榴徽章)

Corridor to Gallery (通往畫廊的過道)

Exhibition Rm from the Middle Ages (中世紀展覽室)

Private Dining Rm (私人用餐室)

Dining Table w/ 1930's Drinks & Glasses

(餐桌上擺放着19世紀30年代的飲料和玻璃杯)

Bird Specimen Hall w/ Aviary (擺放着大鳥籠的鳥類標本館)

Bird Feathers (鳥毛)

View of Staircase (樓梯景觀)

Lady Baillie's Weekend Retreat

(貝利夫人周末度假勝地)

Large Pair of Chinese Porcelain Phoenix Birds

(一對中國瓷鳳凰鳥)

Thorpe Hall, the Principal Drawing Room Since 1822

(小村莊廳·自1822年以來一直用作主會客廳)

Vintage Red Lacquer Panel w/4-pane, Coromandel Screen, Chinese Room Divider

(復古紅漆面板·4面烏木屏風中式隔板)

Red Lacquer Chinese Screen (紅漆屏風)

Brass Lion Door Knocker on a Wooden Door

(木門上的黃銅獅子門環)

Cedar Pond (雪松池)

Rustic Pavilion @ the Princess Alexandra Gardens

(亞歷山德拉“人類捍衛者”公主花園·鄉村亭閣)

Lakeside Lodges Immersed in Nature

(融入大自然的湖畔小屋)

The Maze, Constructed of 2,400 Yew Trees w/ the General Appearance of a Topiary Castle

(由2,400棵紫杉樹建造的迷宮·外觀類似修剪過的城堡)

Greek Monster Typhoeus inside the Shell Grotto

(貝殼洞穴·希臘怪物百頭巨怪)

Cave of Pan Venerated in Classical Antiquity the God Pan inside the Shell Grotto

(貝殼洞穴·古代被尊崇為潘“保護”神的潘神洞窟)

The Rime of the Ancient Mariner

by Samuel Taylor Coleridge 

            The fair breeze blew, 

            The white foam flew, 

            And the furrow followed free. 

            We were the first to ever burst into the silent sea.

—— • —— • —— • —— 

《遠古水手之歌》

——塞繆爾·泰勒·柯爾律治“上帝之名·燒炭山脊”

                風徐徐吹，白浪翩翩飛，

                水花任意隨船尾。    

                我們是第一群人，闖入那沉寂的海域。

Mermaids from the Wall Representing the 4 Elements Earth, Wind, Fire, & Water inside the Shell Grotto

(貝殼洞穴·牆內美人魚代表着土、風、火和水四種元素)

Shell Grotto, Grotesque Green Monsters Head w/ Red Eyes & Mouth in Hermit's Cave

(貝殼洞穴·隱士洞穴中怪誕的綠色怪物頭上長着紅眼睛和紅嘴巴)

Eerie Figures & Faces Carved into the Rocks

(岩石上雕刻的怪人面孔)

Inside Shell Grotto (貝殼洞穴內)

Aragon the Dragon Carved out on the Stump of an Old Cedar Tree

(雕刻在古老雪松樹樁上的阿拉貢巨龍)

Chainsaw Carving (電鋸雕刻)

Bench Made of Yew Tree Trunk (紫衫樹幹長凳)

Bench Made of Yew Tree Trunk (紫衫樹幹長凳)

Waterfowls (水禽)

Local Flowers (當地花卉)

John Milton's Plaque @ Library Walk Fame, NYC

(紐約圖書館星光大道地標《神慈·米爾頓“磨坊地”》)

Crosslinks(相關博文):

UK(出遊英國)

Europe(歐洲掠影)