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埃及开罗·千塔之城(Cairo, the City of a Thousand Egypt) 2011-10-26 05:19:12

2011-04-12

Cairo0001.JPG

        开罗堪称世界上最古老最悠久的地方之一,既是埃及和阿拉伯国家最大的首府,又是整个中东地区政治、经济和商业的中心;它拥有2,000万人口,几乎同北京差不多,可全埃及四分之一的骨肉同胞共同驻扎在这个“征服者”之城、“胜利者”之都,远比我们想象的更加雄伟更加壮观。

        素有“母亲”之称的尼罗“溪谷”河昂头挺胸,骄傲地穿过市中心繁华地段,名胜古迹云集东岸鱼贯而出;成千上万个宣礼塔犹如地对空火箭导弹,齐刷刷地列队待发,不愧享有“千塔之城”的美誉;鳞次栉比的圆穹形清真寺是开罗最醒目、最有代表性的标志,每天五次段落式唤拜,整个都市的繁忙、喧嚣、浮躁、拥挤、污浊、富贵、贫穷都得以沉淀净化。科普特“埃及人”基督教老城(Coptic Cairo)罗马影响深重,古式而传统的教堂见证了历史沧桑;伊斯兰教老城(Islamic Cairo)和法密得老城(Fatimid Cairo)到处飘溢《一千零一夜》的气息,阿拉伯奇幻、鬼秘、浪漫实打实交织在一起,每当我们走进一道又一道“伊斯兰教大门”,心灵深处好似经历了一次又一次《古兰经》宗教洗礼,1979年伊斯兰教老城特别被联合国科教文组织列入《世界文化遗产名录》。

        埃及博物馆可谓全球收集古埃及文化典藏最为全面的场所,自1863年法国人建馆以来,已经历了将近150年风风雨雨;它地处市中心,离“一月革命”发源地──解放广场(Midan Tahrir)仅隔几条大街,要知道开罗的解放广场相当于北京的天安门广场或者莫斯科的红场,如果把它比作预测当地政治生活的晴雨表一点都不过份。今年年初“阿拉伯之春”(Arab Spring)如星星之火燎原全城,隔壁的埃及执政党──民族民主党(National Democratic Party)办公大楼在劫难逃,被造反派付之一炬,埃及国宝立刻危在旦夕,从那时起博物馆一直处于半戒严状态,持枪荷弹的陆军装甲部队昼夜把守,2011年4月份我们去的时候,大兵仍然集结压阵,而且几乎封锁了介于解放广场和埃及博物馆之间背阴的一条马路,因此我们不得不提高警惕,密切注视阶级斗争新动向,否则这里绝对是我们茶余饭后信步闲逛时体验市民生活感受风土人情的好去处。

        埃及博物馆陈列了从公元前3,100年的纳尔迈“凶猛的鲶鱼”调色板(Narmer Palette)到公元二世纪古希腊与古罗马法尤姆“绿洲”木乃伊画像(Fayoum Mummy Portraits),木乃伊、珠宝、棺木、绘画、随葬品、纸莎草文书琳琅满目,石人、石棺、石碑、石柱等“石头记”比比皆是,不过我们着重观赏了少年法老图坦卡蒙“太阳神活像”展厅(Tutankhamun Galleries)里跟实体大小完全一致的“黄金面具”,那是1,700件陪葬物中最为耀眼的展品。临离开之前,我们习惯性地到礼品店兜了半个钟头,在这里买东西轻松自在毫无压力,没有任何人跟在屁股后面像讨债一般追问个不停。

        开罗塔高达185米/610英尺是全城的制高点,我们在其附近停靠于杰济拉“岛屿”(Gezira Island)边上一家浮动餐厅吃了顿午饭,三桅帆船从身边缓缓而过,满载着几千年来尼罗河历史遗风;河里打鱼的渔夫又将把我们的视线吸引到跨越尼罗河两岸的十月六号大桥,桥的尽端粉红色埃及博物馆安然无恙,可民族民主党心脏早已千疮百孔。

        座落在基督教老城的悬空教堂(Hanging Church)实为圣母教堂,因四世纪建于古罗马巴比伦城堡水门之上而得名,被视为开罗最漂亮最气派的基督教堂。教堂内部大门、屏风完全用象牙镶嵌制成,大理石布道坛由13根大理石柱子支撑,象征耶稣及其12位门徒,黑色石柱代表出卖耶稣的犹大。站在本教堂最著名的圣母玛丽亚“慈爱”画像面前,无论哪一个角度对视,我们都能感受到她那大慈大悲的亲切笑容。

        本以斯拉“帮助者之子”犹太教堂(Ben Ezra Synagogue)始建于八世纪,后于12世纪由耶路撒冷“和平之城”的祭司亚伯拉罕•本•以斯拉重修,是开罗最古老最传统的犹太教堂。花岗岩雕制而成的船形“摩西摇篮”,形象地描述了法老的女儿从洪水中救出摩西,后为领导犹太人走出埃及的圣徒;从教堂一个类似烟囱的地方发掘出大量自11世纪以来当地希波来人书信、期票、证书、账本、合同、请愿书等,真实地记录了中世纪开罗犹太人生活实况,遗憾的是目前已全部流散到英国等西欧诸国。

        圣芭芭拉“外来人”教堂(Church of St. Barbara)起源于11世纪,号称埃及最庞大最精致的基督教堂,其中13世纪象牙镶嵌的木制圣台屏风雕刻细腻;一组17世纪圣婴、圣母、两位天使长、圣徒、耶稣12使徒等画像悬挂在前台顶部,彰显庄重美观。

        圣塞吉乌斯“拯救”和巴克斯“酒神”教堂(Church of St. Sergius & St. Bacchus)即“洞穴教堂”可以追溯到四世纪,是埃及最著名最古老的基督教堂,其内有一地洞,据说圣婴耶稣出生后,为了躲避希律王的残暴杀害,圣母和圣约瑟一家《逃往埃及》时曾蜗居于此。

        穆罕默德阿里“先知·高贵”雪花石膏清真寺(Mohamed Ali Alabaster Mosque)位于伊斯兰老城“信仰城堡”内,是埃及国王苏丹•萨拉•丁于1176年为抵御西欧基督教十字军东侵而筑造的突厥奴隶兵防御工事。1830年,穆罕默德·阿里决定完全仿照奥斯曼“强大”帝国伊斯坦布尔大清真寺,采用雪花石膏“香水瓶”大理石打造出这座尖塔更高、礼拜堂更大、同样具有土耳其风格的穆斯林建筑,前后耗时达14年之久,寺内庭院里,法国为酬谢埃及方尖塔而回赠的法式钟楼自落基后上百年来一直处在修复状态。礼拜堂365盏吊灯将大厅一年365天照得灯火通明;先智灵堂占据大厅西南角,表示人间天上共聚一堂。法鲁克王朝时期,信仰城堡不受重用,反被用作监狱关押囚犯。

        埃及雪花石膏主要产地散布在南部卢克索“宫殿”—阿斯旺“集市”地区,前几天我们曾去过卢克索一家作坊参观雪花石膏的制作工艺,雕刻成宫殿华表的彩灯饰物经阳光照射,天然大理石条纹细致好看。我们奈不住诱惑,顺手带回了两件埃及人崇尚的圣甲虫和神鸭,它们质地光滑疏松,非常像儿时跳房子用过的滑石。孩子喜欢神鸭并爱不释手,在返程的路上不小心滑落到地上,结果神鸭被摔得粉身碎骨。

        站在萨拉丁“信仰的正义”城堡(Salah El Din Citadel)我们居高临下远眺开罗市容布局,城东南大片墓地、贫民窟组成的“死人城”盘踞在城堡周围,看上去比铁皮铜墙还要坚实;开罗市区的高速公路擦边而过,低矮简陋的土坯泥房在这里乌压压地被浓缩成一团;城东北越过法密德老城便是太阳城,古希腊伟大的哲学家柏拉图曾著书立说;城西南是埃及文化的发源地吉萨,古代世界八大奇迹之一的金字塔和狮身人面像隐约可见,我们只能借助想象来勾勒出大概轮廓。其实,即使地处干燥少雨的沙漠地带,尼罗河挥发的潮气常常像一条挥之不去的污染宽带不偏不倚正好横挂在眼前,非但牢牢遮住城市容颜,而且还死死挡住人们视线。

        伊本图伦“高大”清真寺(Mosque of Ibn Tulun)属于开罗最古老、埃及排行老二的清真寺,创立于876年─879年间,是一个典型的只接受男子祈祷而排斥女人的星期五或称圣日礼拜堂,整个建筑物从上到下从里到外全部由泥砖砌成,几何对称的设计赋于轻松和谐的气氛,螺旋式尖塔更是清新别致,全埃及独一无二。

        艾资哈尔“明亮”清真寺(Al-Azhar Mosque)被誉为伊斯兰文化灯塔,作为逊尼派伊斯兰正教最受崇拜的学府已有1,000多年的历史,其大学校园座落在伊斯兰教老城繁华闹区,难怪我们迎面见到了不少来自印度尼西亚、马来西亚、甚至中国的留学人员。

        汗哈利利“房子”市场(Khan el-Khalili Bazaar)是伊斯兰国家最有影响力的贸易集市,迄今已有629年的历史,它集阿拉伯民俗之大成,汇聚了数以千计的个体摊贩、小型店铺、家用百货,跟《天方夜谭》阿拉丁地窖里珍藏的珠宝不相上下:五颜六色的调味品、镶金镀银的首饰、赏心悦人的香水、承载各种意味的纪念品,包罗万象应有尽有,如果把它比作开罗的“城隍庙”,我看一点不过。自中世纪以来,汗哈利利市场一直人声鼎沸生意兴隆,深居其中的镜子咖啡馆深为广大游客青睐,过去200多年间全天候开放,从未歇过一刻,咖啡馆墙上挂着若干镶金的镜子,可以应时准确地反射出如此这般繁荣景象,只是因为安全问题,我们不能坐在铜面圆桌前静静享用每小时添水上茶的“定点”服务。

        从汗哈利利市场出来,我们站在伊斯兰教老城中心──侯赛因“英俊”清真寺(Al-Hussein Mosque)万人广场久久不能自己,眼前一幕幕既不是虚幻粉饰的小说,更不是荒诞无稽的电影,而是阿拉伯埃及共和国鲜活实在的写照。

Today in History(历史上的今天):

2009: 春意芳菲(Sprung Spring)

04-08-11_ Abalaster Shop, Luxor 卢克索·雪花石膏作坊-10001.JPGAbalaster Workshop, Luxor

(卢克索·雪花石膏作坊 04-08-2011)

04-08-11_ Abalaster Shop_ Luxor-30001.JPGLocal Guide of Abalaster Shop w/ Scarab, Luxor

(卢克索雪花石膏作坊·当地导游与圣甲虫 04-08-2011)

04-08-11_ Abalaster Shop_ Luxor-20001.JPGCollection Room of Abalaster Workshop in Luxor

(卢克索雪花石膏作坊·收藏室 04-08-2011)04-12-11_ Cairo Cityscape 开罗城市风光-20001.JPGCairo Cityscape (开罗城市风光)

04-12-11_ City of the Dead 死人城-10001.JPG

City of the Dead (死人城)

04-11-11_ Egyptian Museum, Cairo 开罗·埃及图书馆-10001.JPG

Egyptian Museum Housing the World's Largest Collection of Ancient Egyptian Artifacts, Including the Treasures of Tutankhamun

(埃及图书馆·收藏着世界上最大的古埃及文物,包括图坦卡蒙的瑰宝 04-11-2011)

04-11-11_ Egyptian Museum, the World's Largest Collection of Pharaonic Antiquities 世界上最大的法老古物收藏地-30001.JPGEgyptian Museum, the World's Largest Collection of Pharaonic Antiquities

(埃及图书馆·世界上最大的法老古物收藏地)

Narmer Palette 纳尔迈调色板-10001.JPGNarmer Palette @ Egyptian Museum

(埃及图书馆·第一个统一埃及的国王调色板)

Fayum Portraits 法尤姆画像0001.JPGFayoum Mummy Portraits @ Egyptian Museum 

(埃及图书馆·法尤姆木乃伊画像)

Mask  @ Tutankhamun Galleries 法老图坦卡蒙展厅·黄金面具0001.JPG

Mask @ Tutankhamun Galleries of the Egyptian Museum

(埃及图书馆图坦卡蒙展厅·黄金面具)

04-11-11_ Army Controlled Street around Egyptian Museum 埃及图书馆外戒严部队-10001.JPGArmy Controlled Street around the Egyptian Museum

(埃及图书馆外戒严部队)

04-11-11_ Army Controlled Street around Egyptian Museum 埃及图书馆外戒严部队-20001.jpgBus Station in Front of the Armed Police Force

(武警部队前的车站)

04-11-11_ Midan Tahrir, the Birthplace of January Revolution 解放广场·一月革命发源地0001.JPGMidan Tahrir, the Birthplace of the January Revolution

(解放广场·一月革命发源地)

04-11-11_ Cairo Tower 开罗塔0001.JPG

Cairo Tower w/ Its Partially Open Latticework Eliciting a Pharaonic Lotus Plant, an Iconic Symbol of Ancient Egypt

(开罗塔·部分开放的格子结构令人联想到象征古埃及标志性的法老莲花)

04-11-11_ Nile River_ Cairo-10001.JPGRiver Nile Running through Cairo (流经开罗城区的尼罗河)

04-11-11_ Burned Town Hall from Revoluation Viewed from Le Pacha 1901 @ Gezira Island 杰济拉岛—从拉•帕琦1901餐厅近观被一月革命烧毁的市政厅0001.JPGBurned Town Hall from Revolution Viewed from Le Pacha 1901 @ Gezira Island 

 (杰济拉岛·透过1901年帕夏“羊蹄”浮动餐厅观看被一月革命烧毁的市政厅)

04-11-11_ Nile River_Three-Masted Barque 三桅帆船-70001.JPGFelucca over the Nile River (尼罗河上三桅帆船)

04-12-11_ 13C Coptic Alley 十三世纪科普特胡同0001.JPG13th-Century Coptic Cairo Alley

(13世纪开罗基督教区胡同 04-12-2011)

04-12-11_ Coptic Cairo, a Stronghold for Christianity in Egypt Both Before & During the Islamic Era, as Most of Its Churches Built After the Muslim Conquest of Egypt in the 7th Century.jpg

Coptic Cairo, a Stronghold for Christianity in Egypt, Both Before & During the Islamic Era, as Most of Its Churches, Built After the Muslim Conquest of Egypt in the 7th Century 

(开罗基督教老区·在伊斯兰时代之前和伊斯兰时代期间埃及基督教的大本营,因为那里的大多数教堂都是在7世纪穆斯林征服埃及之后建造的)

04-12-11_ Church of St. Barbara_Fortress of Babylon, Remains of One of the Two Towers Guarding the Roman Canal0001.jpgFortress of Babylon, Remains of One of the Two Towers Guarding the Roman Canal

(巴比伦“众神之门”堡垒·守卫罗马运河两座塔楼之一的遗迹)

04-12-11_ Church of St. George Rebuilt in 1909 Following a 1904 Fire0001.JPGChurch of St. George Rebuilt in 1909 Following a 1904 Fire

(圣乔治“农夫”教堂·1904年火灾后于1909年重建)

04-12-11_ St. George Church, a Greek Orthodox church within the Babylon Fortress.jpgSt. George Church, a Greek Orthodox church within the Babylon Fortress

(圣乔治教堂·位于巴比伦堡垒内的希腊东正教教堂)

04-12-11_ Hanging Church or St. Mary Cathedral 悬空教堂即圣母•玛丽亚大教堂-10001.JPG

Hanging Church or Saint Virgin Mary's Church, Located above a Gatehouse of the Babylon Fortress

(悬空教堂或圣母玛利亚“慈爱”教堂·位于巴比伦堡垒的门楼上方 04-12-2011)

04-12-11_ Hanging Church or St. Mary Cathedral 悬空教堂即圣母•玛丽亚大教堂-20001.JPG

The Nave Suspended over a Passage w/ 29 Steps @ Hanging Church

(悬空教堂中殿·凌驾于通道29级台阶之上 04-12-2011)

04-12-11_ Courtyard in Hanging Church_ Cairo-20001.JPG

Fresco of Hanging Church (悬空教堂•壁画 04-12-2011)

04-12-11_ Hanging Church_Outer Porch 外廊-20001.jpgOuter Porch of Hanging Church (悬空教堂•外廊 04-12-2011)

04-12-11_ Hanging Church_Outer Porch 外廊-30001.JPG

Entrance of Hanging Church (悬空教堂•入口 04-12-2011)

04-12-11_ Hanging Church w the Barrel Vaulted Roof.jpg

Hanging Church w/ the Barrel Vaulted Roof

(悬空教堂·桶形拱顶)

04-12-11_  Hanging Church_Sanctuary 祭堂-10001.JPG

Sanctuary of Hanging Church (悬空教堂•祭堂 04-12-2011)

04-12-11_ Hanging Church_Iconostasis.jpgIconostasis of Hanging Church (悬空教堂•神像 04-12-2011)

04-12-11_  Hanging Church_13 Columns Representing Christ & His Disciples 大理石布道坛由13根大理石柱子支撑,象征耶稣和他的12位门徒,其中一根黑色石柱,代表出卖耶稣的犹大0001.JPG13 Columns Representing Christ & His Disciples @ Hanging Church

(悬空教堂•大理石布道坛由13根大理石柱子支撑,象征耶稣及其12位门徒,黑色石柱代表出卖耶稣的犹大)

04-12-11_ Hanging Church_Detail of the Marble Pulpit.jpgDetail of the Marble Pulpit @ Hanging Church

(悬空教堂·大理石讲坛特写)

04-12-11_ Hanging Church_Altar of Virgin Mary 圣母玛利亚祭坛-60001.JPG

Coptic Mona Lisa @ Hanging Church

(悬空教堂•基督教埃及人的圣母塑像 04-12-2011)

04-12-11_ Ben Ezra Synagogue_Façade0001.jpgFaçade of Ben Ezra Synagogue Built in 1890s

(以斯拉犹太教堂正面观·建于19世纪90年代)

04-12-11_ Ben Ezra Synagogue 本•埃兹拉犹太教堂0001.JPG

Ben Ezra Synagogue, the Cairo Geniza w/ a Vast Collection of Jewish Manuscripts & Documents discovered within Its Walls from the 9th to the 19th centuries

(以斯拉犹太教堂·在被视作开罗藏经阁的墙壁内发现了大量从9世纪到19世纪间犹太手稿和文件 04-12-2011)

04-12-11_ Ben Ezra Synagogue0001.JPGThreshold to the Sacred, the Ark Door of Cairo's Ben Ezra Synagogue 

(通往神圣的门槛·开罗本埃兹拉犹太教堂的约柜门)

04-12-11_ Church of St. Barbara 圣芭芭拉教堂0001.JPGChurch of St. Barbara Built above the Babylon Fortress, Named Al Muallaqa & Devoted to the Virgin Mary

(圣芭芭拉教堂·建于巴比伦堡垒之上,名为穆阿拉卡“悬空诗”,供奉圣母玛利亚“慈爱”)

04-12-11_ Church of St. Barbara_Inlaid Ivory Screens (10-13C) in Decorative Mamluk Motifs 10-13世纪突厥奴隶兵装饰图案的象牙屏风0001.JPG

13th-Century Inlaid Ivory Screens in Decorative Mamluk Motifs @ St. Barbara Church

(圣芭芭拉教堂•13世纪突厥奴隶兵装饰图案的象牙屏风)

04-12-11_ Church of St. Sergius & St. Bacchus or Abu Serga 圣瑟古斯和圣巴楚斯教堂0001.JPG

Church of St. Sergius & St. Bacchus or Abu Serga, the Oldest Christian Church

(塞吉乌斯巴克斯教堂阿布·塞尔加”教堂——洞穴教堂 | 最老的基督教堂)

04-12-11_ Church of St. Sergius & St. Bacchus or Abu Serga 洞穴教堂0001.JPG

 Church of St. Sergius & St. Bacchus w/ its basement, where the Holy Family (Joseph, Mary, & the infant Jesus) rested at the end of their journey into Egypt  

(阿布·塞尔加教堂地下室——约瑟、玛利亚和圣婴耶稣的圣家族在埃及之旅结束时休息的地方)

04-12-11_ Ben Ezra Synagogue_Basement Door.jpg

Basement Door @ Church of St. Sergius & St. Bacchus

(阿布·塞尔加教堂·地下室门)

04-12-11_ Cemetery in Coptic Cairo.jpgCemetery in Coptic Cairo (开罗基督教老区公墓)

04-12-11_ Citadel Square 城堡广场0001.JPGCitadel Square Used for Military Parades & Ceremonies, as well as a Horse Market

(城堡广场·曾用于举行军事阅兵和仪式以及马市 04-12-2011)

04-12-11_ Salah El Din Citadel 正当信仰城堡-20001.jpgSalah El Din Citadel Viewed from Citadel Square

(从城堡广场背观萨拉丁城堡 04-12-2011)

04-12-11_ Mohamed Ali Alabaster Mosque & Salah El Din Citadel.jpgMohamed Ali Alabaster Mosque & Salah El Din Citadel Viewed from Citadel Square

(城堡广场·穆罕默德·阿里雪花石膏清真寺 | 萨拉丁城堡 04-12-2011)

04-12-11_ Salah El Din Citadel 正当信仰城堡-30001.JPGSalah El Din Citadel Built in the Late 12th Century

(萨拉丁城堡·建于12世纪晚期)

04-12-11_ Mohamed Ali Alabaster Mosque_Façade-20001.JPG

Mohamed Ali Alabaster Mosque in the 19th-Century Islamic & Ottoman Architectures 

(穆罕默德·阿里雪花石膏清真寺——19世纪伊斯兰与奥斯曼建筑风格 04-12-2011)

04-12-11_ Mohamed Ali Alabaster Mosque_ Cairo-10001.JPG

Alabaster Mosque Built in Memory of Tusun Pasham, the Eldest Son of Muhammad Ali, Who Died in 1816, Heavily Influenced by Ottoman Architecture 

(雪花石膏清真寺——为了纪念1816年离世的穆罕默德·阿里的长子图松·帕沙姆而建,其建筑深受奥斯曼影响 04-12-2011)

04-12-11_ Mohamed Ali Alabaster Mosque_ Cairo-130001.JPGAlabaster Mosque w/ Its Ottoman-Style Domes & Minaret

(雪花石膏清真寺——具有奥斯曼式圆顶和尖塔)

04-12-11_ Mohamed Ali Alabaster Mosque 穆罕默德•阿里汉白玉清真寺-40001.JPGCourtyard of the Alabaster Mosque

(雪花石膏清真寺——庭院 04-12-2011)

04-12-11_ Mohamed Ali Alabaster Mosque_.jpgAblutions Fountain in Marbles, Required for Every Muslim to Wash the Face, Neck, Hands, & Feet Before Praying 

(雪花石膏清真寺庭院的大理石沐浴喷泉·伊斯兰教要求每个穆斯林在祈祷前洗脸、脖子、手脚)

04-12-11_ Mohamed Ali Alabaster Mosque_365 Lights 365盏灯-50001.JPG

365 Lights/365 Days @ Mohamed Ali Alabaster Mosque

(穆罕默德·阿里雪花石膏清真寺——365盏灯/365天 04-12-2011)

04-12-11_ Ceiling in Mohamed Ali Alabaster Mosque_ Cairo-10001.JPGDomes @ Mohamed Ali Alabaster Mosque

(穆罕默德·阿里雪花石膏清真寺——穹顶)

04-12-11_ Mohamed Ali Coffin_ Cairo0001.JPGMohamed Ali Coffin @ Mohamed Ali Alabaster Mosque

(穆罕默德·阿里雪花石膏清真寺——主爱棺材)

04-12-11_ Mohamed Ali Alabaster Mosque_Long Arcades w Multiple Domes, Slender Columns, & Lamps on Chains-1.jpg

Long Arcades w/ Multiple Domes, Slender Columns, & Lamps on Chains @ Mohamed Ali Alabaster Mosque

(穆罕默德·阿里雪花石膏清真寺——长拱廊·伴有多个穹顶、细长柱子和链式吊灯 04-12-2011)

04-12-11_ Ibu Tulun & Heliopolis 伊本·图伦清真寺与太阳城0001.JPGIbn Tulun & Heliopolis (伊本图伦真寺与太阳城)

04-12-11_ Ibu Tulun_ Cairo0001.JPG

Ibn Tulun w/ the Spiral Minaret 

(伊本图伦真寺·螺旋状宣礼塔)

04-12-11_ Dome @ Mosque of Qaytbay (1474) in Geometric & Floral Design 结合几何与花艺设计的凯特贝清真寺圆塔0001.JPGDome @ Mosque of Qaytbay (1474) in Geometric & Floral Design 

(盖特贝清真寺·圆塔结合了几何与花艺设计)

04-12-11_ Islamic District_ Cairo0001.JPG

Islamic Cairo (伊斯兰区)

04-12-11_ Al Azhar Mosque 爱资哈尔清真寺 & University in Islamic District_ Cairo-10001.JPG

Al Azhar Mosque & University

(爱资哈尔清真寺及其大学 04-12-2011)

04-12-11_ Al Azhar_ Cairo0001.JPGAl Azhar Mosque Founded in 970 AD, a Symbol of the Fatimid Caliphate

(爱资哈尔清真寺·建于公元970年,法蒂玛王朝的象征)

04-12-11_ Al-Azhar Mosque & University in Islamic District_ Cairo0001.JPGMinarets & Domes of Al Azhar Mosque

(爱资哈尔清真寺·宣礼塔与圆顶)

04-12-11_ Al-Azhar Mosque_5 Minarets, Examples of Fatimid, Mamluk, & Ottoman Influences.jpg5 Minarets, Examples of Fatimid, Mamluk, & Ottoman Influences @ Al-Azhar Mosque

(爱资哈尔清真寺·五座宣礼塔是法蒂玛王朝、马穆鲁克王朝和奥斯曼帝国影响的典范)

04-12-11_ Al-Hussein Mosque 胡赛因清真寺-10001.JPGAl-Hussein Mosque Housing the Head of Imam Hussein, the Grandson of the Prophet Muhammad, & Containing the World's Oldest Complete Manuscript of the Quran

(侯赛因清真寺·安放先知穆罕默德之孙伊玛目·侯赛因的头颅,并保存着世界上最古老的《古兰经》完整手稿)

04-12-11_ Mosque of Sayyidna al-Hussein_ Cairo-30001.JPG3 Canopy Umbrellas Placed in the Courtyard of Al-Hussein Mosque

(侯赛因清真寺·庭院中三座天篷)

04-12-11_ Mosque of Sayyidna al-Hussein_ Cairo-20001.JPG

Gothic-Style Windows & Ottoman Minaret of Al-Hussein Mosque

 (侯赛因清真寺·哥特式窗户与奥斯曼宣礼塔)

04-12-11_ Midan al-Hussein in Khan al-Khalili_ Cairo Midan Hussein 侯赛因广场0001.JPG

Side Door of Al-Hussein Mosque (侯赛因清真寺·边门)

04-12-11_ Minerats & Dome_ Cairo0001.JPG

Twin Minarets & Dome of El Shorta Mosque Dedicated to the Police Department

(献给警察局的埃尔·肖塔“警察”清真寺——双宣礼塔与圆顶)

04-11-11_ Mosque_ Cairo0001.JPG

Zamalek Mosque, a Prime Example of Mamluk Architecture

(扎马雷克“珍贵拥有”清真寺·马穆鲁克“奴隶士兵”建筑的典范)



04-12-11_ Mosque of Sultan Hassan (Left) & Mosque of ar-Rifai (Right) Seen from the Citadel_ Cairo-20001.JPGMosque of Sultan Hassan (Left) & Mosque of Ar-Rifai (Right)

(左:苏丹哈桑清真寺 | 右:里法伊“提升”清真寺)

04-12-11_ Mosque of Sultan Hassan (Left) & Mosque of ar-Rifai (Right) Seen from the Citadel 苏丹侯赛因清真寺与皇室清真寺-10001.JPGMinerats @ Mosques of Sultan Hassan & Ar-Rifai

(苏丹哈桑/里法伊清真寺·宣礼塔)

04-12-11_ Khan El Khalili Bazaar 友谊市场-90001.JPGKhan El Khalili Bazaar (汗哈利利市场 04-12-2011)

04-12-11_ Kan al-Khalili_El-Fishawi, the Oldest Coffee House of 200 Yr 镜子咖啡馆·已有200年历史开罗最早的咖啡馆 -20001.JPGEl Fishawi, the Oldest Coffee House of 200 Yr @ Khan El Khalili Bazaar

(汗哈利利市场埃尔·菲沙维“渔夫”咖啡馆·已有200年历史且为开罗最早的咖啡馆 04-12-2011)

04-12-11_ Khan El Khalili Bazaar_Pell-Mell Directions 迷宫-10001.JPGPell-Mell Directions @ Khan El Khalili Bazaar 

(汗哈利利市场·大迷宫 04-12-2011)

04-12-11_ Khan El Khalili Bazaar_Spices 友谊市场·调味品-30001.JPGSpices @ Khan El Khalili Bazaar

(汗哈利利市场·调味品 04-12-2011)

04-12-11_ Soirée Restaurant.jpg

Lunch @ Soirée Restaurant (晚会餐厅·午餐 04-12-2011)

04-12-11_ Homeless Dogs.jpgHomeless Dogs (流浪狗 04-12-2011)

04-11-11_ Pell-Mell Directions_ Cairo-20001.JPGDowntown Cairo (开罗市中心)

04-02-11_ Jaywalk 横穿马路-20001.JPGJaywalk (横穿马路)

04-02-11_ Jaywalk_ Cairo-10001.JPGBike-like Dromedarys (单峰骆驼独骑)


Islamic Prayer to Take off Shoes (埃及人祈祷·脱鞋)


Islamic Prayer to Bend (埃及人祈祷·弯腰)


Islamic Prayer to Kneel down (埃及人祈祷·屈膝)

04-12-11_ Public Bus.jpgPublic Bus (公交车)

Crosslinks(相关博文):

埃及(Egypt)

Africa (漫游非洲)

小学二年级(2nd Grade)

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作者:天边的红霞 留言时间:2011-10-26 11:26:34
经高craw猫这么发问,我还真懵了,这是哪辈子的事?
回复 | 0
作者:高craw猫 留言时间:2011-10-26 11:12:42
今天那里的埃及人和4000年前建金字塔的人没有血缘关系。你没查今天那里的埃及人是从那来的?
回复 | 0
作者:天边的红霞 留言时间:2011-10-26 08:10:38
如果能在开罗开车,走遍天下都不怕!不过,印度除外。
回复 | 0
作者:白山秋叶 留言时间:2011-10-26 07:56:36
好文章。
没想到埃及那里也有堵车,我还以为那里路上的人都是骑骆驼的。
回复 | 0
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· Moscow Red Square, Russia(俄罗
· Moscow Kremlin the White-Stone
【Estonia(欧洲爱沙尼亚'2016】
· Tallinn, Crossroads of Europe
· Tallinn, the Old Town of Eston
· Middle of Nowhere @ Baltic Sea
【Germany(欧洲德国'2016-18)】
· Black Forest NP, Home to Cucko
· Baden, the Longest Wine Region
· Breisach, the Haven of Romance
· Kehl, the Rhine Throat of Germ
· Strasbourg, FRA/Mercedes-Benz,
· Speyer, 2027 Years of Glory DE
· Speyer, the Emperor Burial Pla
· Speyer Cathedral, Germany(德国
· Mannheim, the UNESCO City of M
· Ludwigshafen, BASF Headquarter
【Norway(欧洲挪威'2016)】
· Middle of Nowhere @ Baltic Sea
· Oslo, the City of Tiger in Nor
· Oslo, the Meadow beneath the H
【Denmark(欧洲丹麦'2016)】
· Uncertainty of Travel in Green
· Greenland's Edu & Hea
· A Sea of Ice in Greenland, Den
· Nanortalik in Greenland, Denma
· Qaqortoq, the Pearl of South G
· Santa Claus from Greenland, DN
· Nuuk, Capital of Greenland DNK
· North Drift to Greenland, Denm
· Frederiksborg, the Nordic Vers
· Fredensborg, the Danish Versai
【UK(欧洲英国'2016-24)】
· Leeds Castle, the Loveliest on
· Port of London @ Tilbury, Engl
· Windsor, the Royal Borough Eng
· Salisbury, Britain's Tall
· Ringwood, the Market Town Engl
· New Forest NP, the Royal Hunti
· Woodhenge, Neolithic Calendar
· Stonehenge, the Giant's R
· Middle of Nowhere @ North Sea(
· Firth of Forth in Edinburgh, S
【Vatican(欧洲梵蒂冈'2015)】
· St. Peter's Basilica, Vat
· World's Smallest Country,
【Malta(欧洲马耳他'2015)】
· Mdina, the Medieval Capital of
· Valletta, Open-Air Museum of M
· European Colonized Nation, Mal
【Turkey(欧洲土耳其'2015)】
· Topkapi Palace in Istanbul, Tu
· Istanbul Straddling Asian &
· Grand Bazaar in Istanbul, Turk
· Golden Horn in Istanbul, Turke
· Bosporus Strait, the Narrowest
· Seljuk, the Sacred Place in Tu
· Kusadasi, the Aegean Resort TU
· Dardanelles Strait, Sea of Hel
· Blue Mosque in Istanbul, Turke
· Basilica Cistern in Istanbul,
【Bulgaria(欧洲保加利亚'201】
· Nessebar w/ Thracian Influence
· Nessebar w/ Iconic Arts, Bulga
· Nessebar, Pearl of Black Sea B
【Romania(欧洲罗马尼亚'2015】
· Constanta, the Oldest City ROU
· Bucharest, La Belle Epoque ROU
· Bucharest, Paris of the Balkan
· Dimitrie Gusti Natl Village Mu
· Ceausescu's Dictatorship,
【Greece(欧洲希腊'2015-18)】
· Katakolon, Traditional Dishes
· Olympia, the Promised Land GRC
· Olympia, Mountain of the Gods
· Cape Sounion, Temple of Poseid
· Grand Master of the Knights in
· Lindos Acropolis in Rhodes, Gr
· Cycladic Mykonos, Greece(希腊
· Delos, Apollo & Artemis GR
· Nea Moni of Chios, Greece(希腊
· Homer's Stone in Khios, G
【Italy(欧洲意大利'2015-24)】
· Oceania Marina @ Civitavecchia
· Livorno Port on the Ligurian I
· Ponte Vecchio in Florence, Ita
· Florence, the City of Lilies i
· Public Arts in Florence, Italy
· Piazza della Signoria in Flore
· Piazza del Duomo in Florence,
· Santa Croce in Florence, Italy
· Pisa, Home to Galileo in Italy
· The Leaning Tower of Pisa, Ita
【Europe(欧洲掠影'2015-24)】
· Flight Adventures in Amsterdam
· Bruges Church of Our Lady, Bel
· Bruges, Venice of the North Be
· Historic Center of Bruges, Bel
· Leeds Castle, the Loveliest on
· Port of London @ Tilbury, Engl
· Le Havre, the Beautiful Concre
· Rouen Cathedral, Monet's
· Rouen, City of One Hundred Bel
· Saint-Malo, the Corsair City i
【Morocco(非洲摩洛哥'2024)】
· Agdir, the White City of Moroc
· Hassan II Mosque, Morocco(摩洛
· Casablanca, the Atlas Lions of
· El Jadida, the Hamptons of Mor
· Portuguese City of Mazagan, Mo
【Botswana(非洲博茨瓦纳'201】
· Chobe, Wild Mania Safari Botsw
· Chobe NP, Diversity of Life Bo
【South Africa(非洲南非'201】
· Nothing Like Johannesburg, So
· Cape Town, Lawgiving Capital S
· From Indian to Atlantic Ocean,
· Tala, Game Reserve Safari S Af
· iSimangaliso Wetland Park, S A
【Mozambique(非洲莫桑比克'2】
· Maputo, the Capital of Mozambi
· New Year's Day on Mozambi
· New Year's Eve on Mozambi
【Tanzania(非洲坦桑尼亚'201】
· Safari in Selous Game Reserve
· Zanzibar, the Stone Town in Ta
【Maldives(亚洲马尔代夫'201】
· Malé Atoll, Neverland in Maldi
· Malé, Sea-Leveled Capital Mald
【India(亚洲印度'2013)】
· Cochin, Queen of the Arabian i
· Mangalore, the Coastal Jewel i
· Goa, Portuguese Heritage in In
· Elephanta Caves near Mumbai, I
· Potpourris in Mumbai, India(印
· 纽约领事馆印度签证(Indian Visa
【UAE(中东阿联酋'2013)】
· Rub Al Khali Desert Safari, UA
· Sharjah, the Cultural Capital
· Dubai, Top of the World in UAE
· Grand Mosque in Abu Dhabi, UAE
· First Day in United Arab Emira
【Asia(静观亚洲'2013-19)】
· Beijing, Last Day in Hometown
· Cheng Mansion Banquet, China(
· Nanjing, Ever Cry, Never Life
· Suzhou Museum, IM Pei Masterpi
· Suzhou, Shantang Hist Cultural
· Suzhou, Cold Hill Temple in Ch
· Suzhou, Tiger Hill of China(中
· Suzhou, Pan Gate Scenic Area i
· Suzhou, Venice of the East in
· Suzhou, Lion Grove Garden of C
【Indian Ocean(穿越印度洋'1】
· 2014 Home Sweet Home(小学五年
· Nothing Like Johannesburg, So
· Chobe, Wild Mania Safari Botsw
· Chobe NP, Diversity of Life Bo
· Victoria Falls, the World'
· Cape Town, Lawgiving Capital S
· From Indian to Atlantic Ocean,
· Tala, Game Reserve Safari S Af
· iSimangaliso Wetland Park, S A
· Maputo, the Capital of Mozambi
【Ecuador(南美洲厄瓜多尔'20】
· Santa Cruz Is w/ Giant Tortois
· San Cristobal's Kicker Ro
· San Cristobal's Frigatebi
· N Seymour Is, Birdwatch in Gal
· St Cruz's Bachas Beach, G
· Bartolomé Is Pinnacled in Gala
· Santiago's Sullivan Bay,
· Isabella Is, the Largest &
· Rabida Is w/ Red Beaches, Gala
· Santiago's James Bay, Gal
【Brazil(南美洲巴西'2013)】
· Rio de Janeiro, the Carnival C
· Rio de Janeiro, a Marvelous Ci
· Brasilia, a Modernist Miracle
· Travel Break in Brazil(巴西旅
· Iguazu Falls, the World Widest
【Argentina(南美洲阿根廷'20】
· Iguazu Falls, the World Widest
· Buenos Aires, Fair Winds ARG(
· Buenos Aires, Paris of S Ameri
· Buenos Aires, the Cradle of Ta
· Península Valdés, UNESCO Site
· Cruising on New Year's Ev
· Malvinas/Falkland Is, S Americ
· Glacier Alley CHL & Ushuai
【Chile(南美洲智利'2012)】
· Cape Horn, the Furious Fifties
· Glacier Alley CHL & Ushuai
· 2012 Antarctic Dream(小学四年
· Amalia Tidewater Glacier, Chil
· 2012 Christmas @ Sea, Chile(小
· Puerto Montt, the Fujiyama Cit
· 2012 Youth Ctr @ Sea, Chile(小
· Valparaiso, the Pacific Jewel
· Vina Del Mar, the Garden City
· Santiago, City of the Island i
【S.America(漂流南美洲'2012】
· Santa Cruz Is w/ Giant Tortois
· San Cristobal's Kicker Ro
· San Cristobal's Frigatebi
· N Seymour Is, Birdwatch in Gal
· St Cruz's Bachas Beach, G
· Bartolomé Is Pinnacled in Gala
· Santiago's Sullivan Bay,
· Isabella Is, the Largest &
· Rabida Is w/ Red Beaches, Gala
· Santiago's James Bay, Gal
【非洲埃及(Egypt'2011)】
· 埃及开罗·千塔之城(Cairo, the C
· 埃及赫尔格达·红海度假胜地(Hurg
· 埃及香水文化(Egyptian Perfume)
· 埃及卢克索·最大的神殿(Luxor, t
· 埃及卡纳克·最老的神殿(Karnak,
· 埃及哈布城·神殿祭庙(Medinet Ha
· 埃及底比斯·热气球空游(Hot-Air
· 埃及尼罗河·世上最长的河流(Nile
· 埃及康翁波·双神庙(Temple of Ko
· 埃及阿布辛贝·大小石窟神庙(Abu
【Africa(漫游非洲'2011-24)】
· Agdir, the White City of Moroc
· Hassan II Mosque, Morocco(摩洛
· Casablanca, the Atlas Lions of
· El Jadida, the Hamptons of Mor
· Portuguese City of Mazagan, Mo
· 2024 Moroccan & Canarian M
· Nothing Like Johannesburg, So
· Chobe, Wild Mania Safari Botsw
· Chobe NP, Diversity of Life Bo
· Victoria Falls, the World'
【大洋洲澳大利亚(Australia'】
· 澳洲蓝山·国家公园和珍罗兰岩洞(
· 澳大利亚悉尼·翡翠之城(Sydney,
· 澳大利亚艾尔斯巨石·乌鲁鲁国家
· 澳大利亚大洋路(Great Ocean Rd,
· 墨尔本·澳大利亚文化中心(Melbou
· 澳大利亚堪培拉·相约首都(Reunio
· 澳洲菲利普岛·仙企鹅游行(Philli
· 澳大利亚塔斯马尼亚荒原(Tasmani
· 澳大利亚·骑在羊背上的国家(Ridi
【大洋洲新西兰(New Zealand'】
· 新西兰南岛·峡湾国家公园(Fiordl
· 新西兰达尼丁·拉纳克城堡(Dunedi
· 新西兰达尼丁·南方的爱丁堡(Dune
· 新西兰基督城·花园之城(Christch
· 新西兰惠灵顿·多风的首都(Wellin
· 怀奥塔普·新西兰的黄石公园(Waio
· 新西兰罗托鲁阿·硫磺之城(Rotoru
· 新西兰最大的湖泊·陶波湖(Taupo
· 新西兰怀托摩·萤火虫洞(Waitomo,
· 新西兰奥克兰·异乡重逢(Reunion
【横渡大洋洲(Oceania'2009-1】
· 澳洲蓝山·国家公园和珍罗兰岩洞(
· 澳大利亚悉尼·翡翠之城(Sydney,
· 澳大利亚艾尔斯巨石·乌鲁鲁国家
· 澳大利亚大洋路(Great Ocean Rd,
· 墨尔本·澳大利亚文化中心(Melbou
· 澳大利亚堪培拉·相约首都(Reunio
· 澳洲菲利普岛·仙企鹅游行(Philli
· 澳大利亚塔斯马尼亚荒原(Tasmani
· 澳大利亚·骑在羊背上的国家(Ridi
· 新西兰南岛·峡湾国家公园(Fiordl
【Bermuda(中美洲百慕大'2024】
· Riding Across the Atlantic fro
· St. George's Fortificatio
· Hamilton, Costly Capital of Be
· UK-Crowned Bermuda w/ Quo Fata
· En Route to Bermuda via the At
· Retreat on Board @ Cape Libert
【Mexico(中美洲墨西哥'2014)】
· Farewell to Riviera Maya, Mexi
· Tulum, the Mayan Trade Hub Mex
· Chichen Itza, a Mayan Marvel M
· Cancun & Riviera Maya, Mex
· Chankanaab NP in Cozumel, Mexi
【Caribbean(航游加勒比海'20】
· Riding Across the Atlantic fro
· St. George's Fortificatio
· Hamilton, Costly Capital of Be
· UK-Crowned Bermuda w/ Quo Fata
· En Route to Bermuda via the At
· Retreat on Board @ Cape Libert
· Farewell to Riviera Maya, Mexi
· Tulum, the Mayan Trade Hub Mex
· Chichen Itza, a Mayan Marvel M
· Cancun & Riviera Maya, Mex
【夏威夷(Hawaii'2007)】
· “挪威·阿罗哈骄傲”号—夏威夷州游
· 夏威夷州欧胡岛·相聚之岛(O'
· 夏威夷州考艾岛·花园之岛(Kaua&#
· 夏威夷州茂宜·山谷之岛(Mau'
· 夏威夷州·大岛与莫洛凯岛(Hawai&
· 夏威夷州·冒险与探索(Escape to
【Senior(大学四年级'2024-25】
· 2025 2-Michelin Aquavit, NYC(
· 2025 Stern Baccalaureate Cerem
· 2025 2-Michelin Atomix, NYC(大
· 2025 NYU Commencement @ Yankee
· 2025 2-Michelin CTBF, NYC(大四
· 2025 Graduation Rehearsal, NYC
· 2025 2-Michelin Jean-Georges,
· 2025 Home Food Depot @ Spring
· 2025 1-Michelin Yingtao, NYC(
· 2025 3-Michelin Jungsik, NYC(
【Junior(大学三年级'2023-24】
· 2024 Med Bill on Bike Injury N
· 2024 Errand Run w/ the Junior
· 2024 3-Michelin Per Se, NYC(大
· 2024 A Lasting Imprint @ Sprin
· 2024 1-Michelin Gramercy Taver
· 2024 1-Michelin Estela, NYC(大
· 2024 Snow Pleasure of the Flee
· 2023 Convivial Lunches in Holi
· 2023 Reunion of GHCS Class 201
· 2023 Little Italy & Jiang
【Sophomore(大学二年级'2022】
· 2023 Quiet Quitting for Summer
· 2023 Cost of a Couch Potato(大
· 2023 Carpet Replacement @ Home
· 2023 House Interior Painting(
· 2023 Juneteenth @ Nectar, PA(
· 2023 Intern Move in E. Village
· 2023 Memorial @ Legal Sea Food
· 2023 Summer @ China Gourmet, P
· 2023 NYU Sophomore Move-out Da
· 2023 Spring @ Sang Kee Asian B
【Freshman(大学一年级'2021-】
· 2022 Freshman Life @ Washingto
· 2022 Freshman Move-out Day, NY
· 2022 Godspeed Spring Break in
· 2022 Hazy Shade of Winter of S
· 2022 Back-to-School Day in New
· 2022 1st Snowflakes in New Yea
· 2021 Liberty State Park, NJ(大
· 2021 Seaport, Trade & Tran
· 2021 A Flyaway Kite Move-in Da
【12th Grade(高中四年级'202】
· 2021 NPHS Commencement Ceremon
· 2021 Senior Class @ NPHS(高中
· The Progressive Tiger 2021(高
· Thank-You Note to a History Te
· Thank-You Note to an English T
· 2021 Sr. Prom(高中四年级·2021
· 2021 Special Talents(高中四年
· 2021 Shape Perspective & I
· 2021 Intellectual & Academ
· 2021 How to Use College Educat
【11th Grade(高中三年级'201】
· 2020 Uniqueness(高中三年级·杂
· Book Report—A Deep Dive into a
· 2020 Dead Dog in the Street(高
· 2020 Film Criticism—Webs of In
· 2020 Film Criticism—Character
· 2020 Brains in Comedy(高中三年
· The Graveyard 2020 (高中三年级
· Free Summer English Writing Cl
· 2020 Poem—What’s in the Closet
· An Attempt on Leadership 2020(
【10th Grade(高中二年级'201】
· Beijing, Last Day in Hometown
· Cheng Mansion Banquet, China(
· Nanjing, Ever Cry, Never Life
· Suzhou Museum, IM Pei Masterpi
· Suzhou, Shantang Hist Cultural
· Suzhou, Cold Hill Temple in Ch
· Suzhou, Tiger Hill of China(中
· Suzhou, Pan Gate Scenic Area i
· Suzhou, Venice of the East in
· Suzhou, Lion Grove Garden of C
【9th Grade(高中一年级'2017】
· Beijing, TongRenTang Chinese M
· Beijing, the Prosperous WangFu
· Beijing, Heart for Friendship
· Nanjing, Brotherly Affection i
· Shanghai, Nanjing Intercity Ra
· Shanghai, the Magic City of Ch
· Shanghai, Paris of the East in
· Shanghai Bund, Pearl of the Or
· Shanghai, Starbucks Reserve Ro
· Shanghai, a Bite of Local Cuis
【8th Grade(初中三年级'2016】
· Alpine Waterfront Towns, Swiss
· Einsiedeln, Abbey & Fondue
· Alpine Potpourri, Swiss(瑞士阿
· Lucerne, Pilatus the Dragon Mt
· Lucerne, Heart of the Country
· Lucerne, Salvation City of Swi
· Lucerne, Romantic Pearl of Swi
· Lucerne, the Mournful Lion Swi
· Lucerne, the Chapel Bridge Swi
· Lucerne, Variety of Standard S
【7th Grade(初中二年级'2015】
· 2016 MontCo Youth Field Day(初
· Windsor, the Royal Borough Eng
· Salisbury, Britain's Tall
· Ringwood, the Market Town Engl
· New Forest NP, the Royal Hunti
· Woodhenge, Neolithic Calendar
· Stonehenge, the Giant's R
· Seine Estuary, France(法国塞纳
· Le Havre, the Rebuilt City FRA
· The Seine in Paris, France(法
【6th Grade(初中一年级'2014】
· Topkapi Palace in Istanbul, Tu
· Istanbul Straddling Asian &
· Grand Bazaar in Istanbul, Turk
· Golden Horn in Istanbul, Turke
· Bosporus Strait, the Narrowest
· Nessebar w/ Thracian Influence
· Constanta, the Oldest City ROU
· Bucharest, La Belle Epoque ROU
· Bucharest, Paris of the Balkan
· Dimitrie Gusti Natl Village Mu
【5th Grade(小学五年级'2013】
· 2014 Playdate on Labor Day(小
· 2014 Labor Day Weekend Bowling
· 2014 Labor Day Weekend Party(
· 2014 Last Day of GHCS Camp, PA
· 2014 Spoons Card Game @ GHCS C
· 2014 Origami @ GHCS Camp, PA(
· 2014 Yo Yo @ GHCS Camp-2(小学
· 2014 Last Week of GHCS Camp, P
· 2014 Reunion @ China Chalet, N
· 2014 Last Day of YMCA Camp(小
【小学四年级(4th Grade'2012】
· 四年级·费城自然博物馆(2013 Aca
· 四年级·新州桑迪胡克国家休闲区(
· 小学四年级·蒙哥马利郡青少年野
· 小学四年级·从美国奇幻小说了解
· 特州里霍博斯湾(Rehoboth Bay, N
· 2013 Lavner Video Game Design
· 小学四年级·从俄国浪漫到革命(Fr
· 小学四年级·宾州法国溪流州立公
· 2013 Drama Camp-5(小学四年级·
· 小学四年级·费城管弦乐团“体育大
【小学三年级(3rd Grade'2011】
· 小学三年级·巴西签证纽约行(2012
· 小学三年级·蒙哥马利郡青少年野
· 小学三年级·烟囱雨燕驻我家(2012
· 小学三年级·朋友生日聚会(2012 D
· 2012 Tennis Camp(小学三年级·网
· 2012 Music Man Jr. Stills(小学
· 2012 Music Man Jr(小学三年级·
· 小学三年级·水上派对(2012 Pool
· 2012 Camp Report(小学三年级·夏
· 2012 Drama Rehearsal(小学三年
【小学二年级(2nd Grade'2010】
· 2011 Drama-Sports Camp-5(小学
· 2011 Drama-Sports Camp-4(小学
· 2011 Drama-Sports Camp-3(小学
· 2011 Drama-Sports Camp-2(小学
· 2011 Drama-Sports Camp-1(小学
· 小学二年级·戏剧夏令营(2011 Dra
· 小学二年级·业余活动(2011 Extra
· 小学二年级·夏令营(2011 Summer
· 小学二年级·结业典礼(2011 Year-
· 小学二年级·胚胎发育学(Embryolo
【小学一年级(1st Grade'2009】
· 澳洲蓝山·国家公园和珍罗兰岩洞(
· 澳大利亚悉尼·翡翠之城(Sydney,
· 澳大利亚艾尔斯巨石·乌鲁鲁国家
· 澳大利亚大洋路(Great Ocean Rd,
· 墨尔本·澳大利亚文化中心(Melbou
· 澳大利亚堪培拉·相约首都(Reunio
· 澳洲菲利普岛·仙企鹅游行(Philli
· 澳大利亚塔斯马尼亚荒原(Tasmani
· 澳大利亚·骑在羊背上的国家(Ridi
· 新西兰南岛·峡湾国家公园(Fiordl
【学前班(Kindergarten'2008-】
· 牙买加八条河·热带天堂(Ocho Rio
· 哥斯达黎加·拥抱纯净生活(Costa
· 巴拿马运河·海事工程奇迹(Panama
· 哥伦比亚魔城·卡塔赫纳(Cartagen
· 阿鲁巴·开心之岛快乐的选择(Arub
· 佛罗里达州迈阿密·古巴风味(Miam
· 学前班·两个星期(夏令营之后开学
· 学前班·算术—孩子的花销(2009 Ma
· 学前班·夏令营(2009 Summer Camp
· 学前班·证书奖状奖杯(2009 Award
【幼儿班(Preschool'2007-08)】
· “嘉年华·命运”号游轮—人间烟火气
· 波多黎各·妩媚之岛(Puerto Rico,
· 多米尼加·水淙石之国(Dominican
· 圣基茨和尼维斯·火山岛(St Kitts
· 巴巴多斯·盛夏光年岛(Barbados,
· 多米尼克·加勒比天然岛(Dominica
· 美属维京群岛·圣托马斯岛(St Tho
· “挪威·阿罗哈骄傲”号—夏威夷州游
· 夏威夷州欧胡岛·相聚之岛(O'
· 夏威夷州考艾岛·花园之岛(Kaua&#
【万花筒(Kaleidoscope)】
· 2025 Contest Traffic Violation
· 2025 Pickleball @ Guinea Lane
· 2025 Fascia Trim Repair Post-S
· 2025 Teachers' Appreciati
· 2025 CNY Gala @ CGCC, PA(宾州
· 2025 MRL Lunch for Year of Sna
· 2025 Guanghua Snake New Year G
· 2024 1st Snow on Winter Solsti
· 2024 Fun Games @ GHCS Field Da
· GHCS Opening for Academic 2024
【中美洲开曼群岛(Cayman Is'】
【中美洲洪都拉斯(Honduras'2】
【中美洲伯利兹(Belize'2014)】
【非洲纳米比亚(Namibia'2014】
【非洲赞比亚(Zambia'2014)】
【非洲津巴布韦(Zimbabwe'201】
【非洲马达加斯加(Madagascar'】
【非洲肯尼亚(Kenya'2013)】
【非洲塞舌尔群岛(Seychelles'】
【亚洲阿曼(Oman'2013)】
【Galapagos(南美洲达尔文群岛】
【南美洲乌拉圭(Uraguay'2013】
【中美洲牙买加(Jamaica'2009】
【中美洲哥斯达黎加(Costa Rica�】
【中美洲巴拿马(Panama'2009)】
【中美洲哥伦比亚(Columbia'2】
【中美洲阿鲁巴(Aruba'2009)】
【中美洲波多黎各(Puerto Rico】
【中美洲多美尼加(Dominican Rep&#】
【中美洲圣基茨(St.Kitts'200】
【中美洲巴巴多斯(Barbados'2】
【中美洲多米尼克(Dominica'2】
【中美洲圣洁群岛(Virgin Is'】
 
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