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巴拿马运河·海事工程奇迹(Panama Canal, an Engineering Marvel) 2011-11-16 04:25:21

2009-01-28

Panama Canal0001.JPG

        记得小的时候,因为“文革运动”,父母分居两地,我借助寒暑假探亲之际,经常穿梭于京津济徐宁杭一带,所以对世界上里程最长、工程最大、历史最久的运河之一京杭大运河早有见识;大学以后,我远离家乡独自一人在外读书,更加频繁往返京宁一线,去探望终于定居南京的父母。有一年暑假,我索性与正在念初中的妹妹搭伴,一起从北京出发,先后穿过天津直辖市、河北、山东、江苏、浙江四省,第一次实地领略贯通海河、黄河、淮河、长江、钱塘江五大水系的京杭大运河。遗憾的是当时正值上个世纪80年代,全国上下百废待兴,政府除了重视运河沿岸的粮、棉、油、蚕桑、麻产区之外,对运河的开发和使用并没有太多行之有效的管理措施,因此古代有关运河“渔歌飘渺飞檐外,帆影参差玉浪中”的美貌容颜,早已无处追寻。

        没想到时隔廿多年的今天,我会带上自己将要六岁的孩子,共同横穿巴拿马“鱼类丰富”地峡,亲自饱览号称世界七大工程奇迹【注】之首的“世界桥梁”──巴拿马运河。

        巴拿马共和国地处中美洲,地理位置接近赤道,一年仅分旱、雨两季。严格说来,不下雨的季节极其短暂,从十二月开始到来年二、三月份结束,绝对是旅游的黄金时段;剩下的大部头日子几乎阴雨连绵,天气异常闷热潮湿,蚊子更加肆无忌惮,过去这一带曾是黄热病的高发地区。其实对过惯干燥寒冷气候的我们而言,即使一月份不下雨,仍不免满脸潮红,常常有透不过气的感觉;一路好动的孩子更像武圣关羽,面如重枣唇若涂脂。

        巴拿马运河实为水闸式运河,以48英哩/77公里的长度成为世界排行老二。因为连接太平洋和大西洋,它与连接地中海和红海之间的苏伊士“干草”运河同属全球最具经济意义、最有战略地位的两条人工水道,而身为邻家的美利坚合众国更是开凿巴拿马运河的直接获益者。通航以后,美国东西海岸相互串门的船只不必再兜上一大圈儿非得绕道南美洲底端智利南部合恩“海岬”角不可,大大缩短了航运行程,既省时又省力。难怪美国一开始就不遗余力投资兴建,正如以下这则意味深长、带有迴文结构的广告中所说:“人、规划、运河—巴拿马(A man, a plan, a canal- Panama)”,贤人的远见和胆识成就了巴拿马运河!

        为了确保自身利益不受损失,美国甚至在两岸进出关口重重设防,动用军队认真把守,最终换取无偿使用运河长达近一个世纪(1914—1999)!美国撤兵后,这些占地面广设施齐全的营区一直处在闲置状态,不过我们一眼就能辨认出其与众不同的景观。听当地导游说,早已过惯了殖民性优裕生活的平民百姓依旧十分怀恋过去享受富佬物资补济的大好岁月,尤其当巴拿马政府独立掌控运河命运以后、国民收入持续下降的时候。

        为了游览巴拿马运河全程,我们从靠近加勒比“勇者”海大西洋一侧的科隆“鸽子”改乘运河游船,由北向南朝太平洋方向行驶。好在游客优先,我们仅需八小时就可以顺利抵达距离首都巴拿马城不远的终点站美谷港。

        巴拿马运河的商业气息很浓,每天都有挂着各种各样国旗的货轮从这里穿行。运河周围的生态单一,除了低矮的热带雨林之外,人工围造的湖泊时有海鸥水鸟飞来飞去;巴拿马国鸟神鹰偶尔会俯冲到我们跟前,算作打上照面混个脸熟。我们发现,印有汉字的中国商船比比皆是,尤其来自香港的货轮一个接着一个,大有垄断整体航线之势。

        加通“猫样”湖(Lake Gatún)是巴拿马运河最大的人工湖,其水位高出海平面85英尺/26米。马登“猎犬”湖(Lake Madden)如同运河的储备水库,汛期到来之际,雨水越积越多,自然而然变成加通湖取之不尽用之不竭的源泉。查格雷斯“我们居住的河流”河(Chagres River)上有三个水坝,一方面可以控制河水流量,另一方面还能进行水利发电和水利调节,为运河水闸提供充足的水源。   

      大西洋和太平洋的海平面应该相差无几,但由于两岸地形差异导致潮汐有很大不同,因此水闸的引入对于穿越两个洋面的船只至关重要。加通、米拉弗洛雷斯“观花”(Miraflores Lock)、佩德罗·米格尔“磐石·神似”(Pedro Miguel Lock)等三座水闸在电动牵引机的带领下,慢慢将船只升高或者降低至海平面,这样过往船只才能借助运河水道,从海洋的一端驶向另一端。到目前为止,每一个水闸前后仅有1,000英尺/305米,所以任何船只身长都得把握尺度,容不得越雷池一寸。

        库莱布拉勇敢水渠(Gaillard Cut)即库莱布拉“蛇口”水渠(Culebra Cut),始于运河最窄处的甘博亚“河流弯道”(Gamboa),尔后穿过北美大陆分水岭。加通湖和马登湖北上流入大西洋,米拉弗洛雷斯湖则南下汇进太平洋,泾渭分明。

        无论从大西洋或太平洋哪个方向进入巴拿马运河,据说一次通行费需要事先付清20万美元,而且只收现金!怪不得我们观光巴拿马运河的票价贵得要死,听起来跟天价差不多。

【注】所谓世界七大工程,指的是巴拿马运河、纽约的帝国大厦、旧金山的金门大桥、多伦多的加拿大国家电视塔、巴西的响石大坝和英法海底隧道。 

Today in History(历史上的今天):

2008: 圣托马斯岛—加勒比海门户(Carribean Gateway, Saint Thomas)

01-28-09_ Sunrise.jpgMorning Light (晨曦)

01-28-09_ Panama Gatun Lake, the Man-Made Lake 加通人工湖0001.JPGGatun Lake,the Largest Artificial Lake in the World Ever Built at the Time

(加通湖·当时建造的世上最大的人工湖)

01-28-09_ Lighthouse above Tropical Rain Forest 热带雨林上灯塔0001.JPGGatun Lake Lighthouse above the Impassably Tropical Rainforest, the Best Defense of the Panama Canal

(加通湖热带雨林上灯塔·湖边无法通行的热带雨林成为巴拿马运河最好的防御工事)

01-28-09_  Gatún Northbound Rear Lighthouse.jpgNo Longer Active for Navigation

(加通北行后灯塔·不再用于航行)

01-28-09_ Chagres River the Largest River in the Panama Canal's Drainage Basin查格里斯河0001.JPGRiver Chagres, the Panama Canal's Chief Source of Water, Covered by Dense Tropical Forests @ Its Upper Basin

(查格雷斯河·巴拿马运河主要水源,上游流域覆盖着茂密的热带森林)

01-28-09_ Lake Madden 疯狂河0001.JPGLake Madden, a Back-up Water Supply for the Panama Canal, Supplementing Gatun Lake & Holding Water to Regulate the Chagres River

(马登湖·巴拿马运河的备用水源,补充加通湖的水量并调节查格雷斯河的水量)

01-28-09_ Panama Canal_Ferry 渡轮-40001.JPGFerry Running over the Panama Canal (巴拿马运河上渡轮)

01-28-09_ Gatun Dam & Spillway.jpgGatun Dam & Spillway (加通水坝和溢洪道)

01-28-09_ Gamboa_Road & Rail Bridge.jpgRoad & Rail Bridge @ Gamboa

(甘博阿“圆形山峰”镇·铁路公路大桥)

01-28-09_ Dredger.jpgDredger (挖泥船)

01-28-09_ Gatun Lake w China Shipping Line, a Global Leader in Container Shipping, , the Man-Made Lake 加通人工湖-10001.jpgGatun Lake w/ China Shipping Line, a Global Leader in Container Shipping

(加通湖上中国海运集团有限公司·全球集装箱航运领军集团 01-28-2009)

01-28-09_ Tug Boat.jpgTug Boat (拖船)

01-28-09_ NCC RABIGH, ChemicalOil Tanker Built in 2007 by Hyundai S Korea-10001.jpgNCC RABIGH, Chemical/Oil Tanker Built by Hyundai South Korea Heavy Industries Co., Ltd. in 2007

(2007年由韩国现代重工有限公司建造的沙特拉比格“春天”化学品/油轮 01-28-2009)


Gatun Chamber, the 1st Locks to Raise & Lower Ships between Gatun Lake & the Atlantic Ocean

 (加通船闸·巴拿马第一闸室,负责在加通湖和大西洋之间升降船只)

01-28-09_ Pedro Miguel locks-10001.jpgApproching the Lock Chamber of Pedro Miguel Locks 

(佩德罗·米格尔闸门——驶向船闸室 01-28-2009)

01-28-09_ Pedro Miguel locks-50001.jpgPedro Miguel Locks w/ Canal Doors Closing Tight

(佩德罗·米格尔闸门——闸门紧闭 01-28-2009)

01-28-09_ Pedro Miguel locks-30001.jpg

Pedro Miguel Locks, a Key Segment of the Panama Canal 

(佩德罗·米格尔闸门——巴拿马运河的关键部分 01-28-2009)

01-28-09_ Panama Canal Pedro Migule Locks-40001.JPGPedro Miguel Locks, the Smallest of the 3 Sets of Locks Constructed for the Panama Canal 

(米格尔闸·巴拿马运河建造的三组船闸中最小的一组)

01-28-09_ Opened Pedro Miguel Locks 佩德罗·米格尔闸门开启-30001.jpgSwing Bridges @ Pedro Miguel Locks 

(佩德罗·米格尔闸门——平转桥 01-28-2009)

01-28-09_ Pedro Miguel lock Gates.jpgPedro Miguel Sluice System, the Narrowest Lock Close to the “Mules”, the Toylike Silver Locomotives to Guide the Ships

(佩德罗·米格尔水闸系统——最窄的船闸,触手可触及引导船只像玩具似的银色“骡子”机头)

01-28-09_ Miraflores Lock Station.jpgAdministration Bldg @ Miraflores Locks

(米拉弗洛雷斯船闸·行政大楼)

01-28-09_ Panama Canal Miraflores Locks 花景水闸-40001.JPGMiraflores Locks w/ Water Lifts, Raising & Lowering Ships from Sea Level up to the Gatun Lake Water Level

(米拉弗洛雷斯闸·操控水力升降,将船舶从海平面提升到加通湖水位)

01-28-09_ Panama Canal Miraflores Locks-20001.JPGMiraflores Chamber, the Best Place to Watch the Big Ships Pass through the Panama Canal Lock System w/ 100% Humidity in Late January

(米拉弗洛雷斯闸·一月末湿度饱满地观看大型船舶通过巴拿马运河船闸系统的最佳景地 01-28-2009)

01-28-09_ Miraflores Lock Gates.jpgMiraflores Chamber w/ Doubled Gates @ Both Ends of the Upper Chamber for Safety

(米拉弗洛雷斯闸·上层闸室两端的闸门均采用双层设计,以确保安全)

01-28-09_ Atlantic Bridge-10001.jpgAtlantic Bridge, the 3rd Bridge to Span the Panama Canal in Concrete Cable-Stayed Design

(大西洋大桥·横跨巴拿马运河的第三座大桥,混凝土斜拉桥设计 01-28-2009)

01-28-09_ A View from the Front of a Ship Approaching the Centennial Bridge00001.JPGCentennial Bridge, the 2nd Road Bridge over the Panama Canal

(世纪大桥·巴拿马运河上第二座公路桥 01-28-2009)

01-28-09_ Centennial Bridge across the Culebra Cut 世纪大桥横跨蛇口-30001.JPGCentennial Bridge across the Culebra Cut, the Most Challenging & Deadly Section of the Panama Canal, Infamous for Its Frequent & Large Landslides Caused by Unstable Rock & Soil

 (横跨库莱布拉水渠的世纪大桥·巴拿马运河最具挑战性和最致命的路段,因不稳定的岩石和土壤导致频繁发生大规模山体滑坡而臭名昭著 01-28-2009)


Culebra Cut, An Artificial Valley through the Continental Divide in Panama 

(库莱布拉水渠·北美大陆分水岭上人工峡谷)

01-28-09_ Pacific Side of Panama Canal0001.JPG


Pacific Side of the Panama Canal

(巴拿马运河太平洋一侧 01-28-2009)

01-28-09_ Bridge of Americas, the 1st Road Bridge  美洲大桥·巴拿马运河第一座公路桥-10001.jpgBridge of the Americas, the 1st Road Bridge in the Panama Canal

(美洲大桥·巴拿马运河第一座公路桥 01-28-2009)

01-28-09_ Bridge of Americas over Panama Canal_Front-10001.jpgBridge of the Americas, Carrying the Pan American Highway over the Canal

(美洲大桥·承载泛美公路穿越运河 01-28-2009)

Bridge of the Americas, a Cantilever Bridge w/ a Central Tied-Arch Span

(美洲大桥·中央系杆拱跨度的悬臂桥)

01-28-09_ Taboga Island 多鱼岛0001.JPGTaboga Island, a Volcanic Island in the Gulf of Panama in the Pacific Ocean

(太平洋上塔博加“多鱼”岛·巴拿马湾的火山岛)

01-28-09_ Balboa Harbor  巴波亚港0001.JPGBalboa Harbor, the Primary Gateway on the Pacific Side of the Panama Canal, a Critical Choke Point for Global Shipping

(巴尔博亚“愉快的河谷”港·巴拿马运河太平洋一侧的主要门户,全球航运的关键咽喉要地)

01-28-09_ Panama City, the Capital in Haze 雾霾下首都巴拿马城-20001.JPGPanama City, the Capital in Haze (雾霾下首都巴拿马城)


Harpy Eagle (美洲角雕)

01-28-09_ El Tamborito @ Colon Port 科隆港·巴拿马民间小鼓舞蹈0001.JPGEl Tamborito @ Colon Port

(科隆港·巴拿马民间小鼓舞蹈)

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· Suzhou, Venice of the East in
· Suzhou, Lion Grove Garden of C
【Canada(北美洲加拿大'2017)】
· Uncertainty of Travel in Green
· St. John's East Coast Tra
· St. John's Newfoundland,
· Overpriced Gas Taste in Canada
· Double-Charge, Caribbean Princ
· Salty Food on Caribbean Prince
· Cape Breton Is. via Sydney Can
· Halifax, Warden of the North C
· En Route to Greenland via Hali
· Ottawa, Yesterday's City
【Belgium(欧洲比利时'2024)】
· Bruges Church of Our Lady, Bel
· Bruges, Venice of the North Be
· Historic Center of Bruges, Bel
【Portugal(欧洲葡萄牙'2024)】
· Porto, the 2nd Largest of Port
· Braga, the Religious Ctr of Po
· Sé de Braga, Portugal(葡萄牙布
· Bom Jesus do Monte in Braga, P
· Guimaraes, the Birthplace of P
· Monast.of Sao Vicente de Fora,
· Lisbon's Sacred Sites, Po
· Belém Complex in Lisbon, Portu
· Capital's Historic Charm,
· Oceania Marina's Godmothe
【Spain(欧洲西班牙'2018-24)】
· Guggenheim Effect on Bilbao, S
· Bilbao, the NW Capital of Spai
· Getxo, Basque Refinement in Sp
· Vizcaya Bridge over Portugalet
· La Coruna, the Glass City of S
· Hostal dos Reis Católicos, ESP
· Archcathedral Basilica of Sant
· Santiago de Compostela, Spain(
· Cumbre Vieja Volcano Ridge,Sp
· San Miguel de La Palma,Spain(
【Monaco(欧洲摩纳哥'2018)】
· Monegasques vs Monacians, Mona
· Monaco-Ville & Monte Carlo
【Albania(欧洲阿尔巴尼亚'20】
· Saranda & Blue Eye Spring,
· Gjirokaster, Home to Hoxha ALB
· Gjirokaster, the Stone City AL
【Croatia(欧洲克罗地亚'2018】
· Cavtat, the Treasure World HRV
· Dubrovnik, Home to Tito Croati
· Dubrovnik, Pearl of the Adriat
· Cruising @ the Adriatic Sea, I
【Switzerland(欧洲瑞士'2017】
· Alpine Waterfront Towns, Swiss
· Einsiedeln, Abbey & Fondue
· Alpine Potpourri, Swiss(瑞士阿
· Lucerne, Pilatus the Dragon Mt
· Lucerne, Heart of the Country
· Lucerne, Salvation City of Swi
· Lucerne, Romantic Pearl of Swi
· Lucerne, the Mournful Lion Swi
· Lucerne, the Chapel Bridge Swi
· Lucerne, Variety of Standard S
【Netherlands(欧洲荷兰'2017】
· Flight Adventures in Amsterdam
· Waal River, Distributary Rhine
· Nijmegen, the Oldest City NLD(
· Zaltbommel, the Salt City NLD(
· Dordrecht, the Sheep's He
· Kinderdijk Windmills, Iconic N
· Cheese Farm near Kinderdijk, N
· Amsterdam, the Mokum in Nether
· Amsterdam, Venice of the North
· Amsterdam, Jerusalem of the No
【Hungary(欧洲匈牙利'2017)】
· Budapest, Pearl of the Danube
· Budapest, Matthias Church HUN(
· Budapest, Queen of the Danube
· Budapest, the Heart of Europe
· Budapest, the Capital of Freed
· Esztergom, the Old Capital HUN
· Lower Danube, Slovakia-Hungary
【Slovakia(欧洲斯洛伐克'201】
· Lower Danube, Slovakia-Hungary
· Bratislava, Beauty on the Danu
· Bratislava, Little Big Capital
· Bratislava, City of Glory SVK(
【Czech(欧洲捷克'2017)】
· Cesky Krumlov, the Cobbled Cha
· Cesky Krumlov the Jewel of Boh
· Cesky Krumlov, Crooked Meadow
【Austria(欧洲奥地利'2017)】
· Mozart & Strauss Concert,
· Belvedere, the Austrian Galler
· Vienna, the City of Music in A
· Vienna, the Capital of Dreams
· Wachau Valley, the Queen of Fr
· Dürnstein, the Lionheart Castl
· Melk Abbey, Austria(奥地利梅尔
· Wachau Valley, Wine Tasting AU
· Linz, the Hitler Youthhood AUS
· Upper Danube, Austria(奥地利多
【France(欧洲法国'2016-24)】
· Le Havre, the Beautiful Concre
· Rouen Cathedral, Monet's
· Rouen, City of One Hundred Bel
· Saint-Malo, the Corsair City i
· Mont St-Michel, Wonder of the
· Dinard, Cannes of the North in
· Lorient, the Town of 5 Ports i
· Walled Town of Concarneau, Fra
· Bordeaux, Port of the Moon in
· Chateau de Ferrand, Grand Cru
【Ireland(欧洲爱尔兰'2016)】
· Dublin, the Pale of Ireland(爱
· Dublin, UNESCO City of Literat
· Avoca, IRL's Oldest Weavi
· County Wicklow, the Garden of
· Glendalough Monastery, Ireland
· Cobh, the Teardrop of Ireland(
· Cork, the Rebel County of Irel
· Kinsale, the Tide Head of Irel
· Blarney Castle, Stone of Eloqu
【Channel Is(欧洲海峡群岛'2】
· Channel Islands, UK(英国皇家属
· Guernsey, the Donkey Island in
· Guernsey over the English Chan
【Sweden(欧洲瑞典'2016)】
· Nynashamn, 1912 Olympic Sailin
· Stockholm, Beauty on the Water
· Stockholm, Venice of the North
· Stockholm Palace, Sweden(瑞典
· Capital Stockholm, Sweden(瑞典
【Finland(欧洲芬兰'2016)】
· Helsinki, the White City of Fi
· Capital Helsinki, Finland(芬兰
· Porvoo, the Medieval Town of F
【Russia(欧洲俄罗斯'2016)】
· Kotlin Island in St. Petersbur
· St. Petersburg—Leningrad, Russ
· St Petersburg, Venice of the N
· Pushkin in St. Petersburg, Rus
· Two Palaces in St. Petersburg,
· Moscow, the Third Rome of Russ
· Moscow Red Square, Russia(俄罗
· Moscow Kremlin the White-Stone
【Estonia(欧洲爱沙尼亚'2016】
· Tallinn, Crossroads of Europe
· Tallinn, the Old Town of Eston
· Middle of Nowhere @ Baltic Sea
【Germany(欧洲德国'2016-18)】
· Black Forest NP, Home to Cucko
· Baden, the Longest Wine Region
· Breisach, the Haven of Romance
· Kehl, the Rhine Throat of Germ
· Strasbourg, FRA/Mercedes-Benz,
· Speyer, 2027 Years of Glory DE
· Speyer, the Emperor Burial Pla
· Speyer Cathedral, Germany(德国
· Mannheim, the UNESCO City of M
· Ludwigshafen, BASF Headquarter
【Norway(欧洲挪威'2016)】
· Middle of Nowhere @ Baltic Sea
· Oslo, the City of Tiger in Nor
· Oslo, the Meadow beneath the H
【Denmark(欧洲丹麦'2016)】
· Uncertainty of Travel in Green
· Greenland's Edu & Hea
· A Sea of Ice in Greenland, Den
· Nanortalik in Greenland, Denma
· Qaqortoq, the Pearl of South G
· Santa Claus from Greenland, DN
· Nuuk, Capital of Greenland DNK
· North Drift to Greenland, Denm
· Frederiksborg, the Nordic Vers
· Fredensborg, the Danish Versai
【UK(欧洲英国'2016-24)】
· Leeds Castle, the Loveliest on
· Port of London @ Tilbury, Engl
· Windsor, the Royal Borough Eng
· Salisbury, Britain's Tall
· Ringwood, the Market Town Engl
· New Forest NP, the Royal Hunti
· Woodhenge, Neolithic Calendar
· Stonehenge, the Giant's R
· Middle of Nowhere @ North Sea(
· Firth of Forth in Edinburgh, S
【Vatican(欧洲梵蒂冈'2015)】
· St. Peter's Basilica, Vat
· World's Smallest Country,
【Malta(欧洲马耳他'2015)】
· Mdina, the Medieval Capital of
· Valletta, Open-Air Museum of M
· European Colonized Nation, Mal
【Turkey(欧洲土耳其'2015)】
· Topkapi Palace in Istanbul, Tu
· Istanbul Straddling Asian &
· Grand Bazaar in Istanbul, Turk
· Golden Horn in Istanbul, Turke
· Bosporus Strait, the Narrowest
· Seljuk, the Sacred Place in Tu
· Kusadasi, the Aegean Resort TU
· Dardanelles Strait, Sea of Hel
· Blue Mosque in Istanbul, Turke
· Basilica Cistern in Istanbul,
【Bulgaria(欧洲保加利亚'201】
· Nessebar w/ Thracian Influence
· Nessebar w/ Iconic Arts, Bulga
· Nessebar, Pearl of Black Sea B
【Romania(欧洲罗马尼亚'2015】
· Constanta, the Oldest City ROU
· Bucharest, La Belle Epoque ROU
· Bucharest, Paris of the Balkan
· Dimitrie Gusti Natl Village Mu
· Ceausescu's Dictatorship,
【Greece(欧洲希腊'2015-18)】
· Katakolon, Traditional Dishes
· Olympia, the Promised Land GRC
· Olympia, Mountain of the Gods
· Cape Sounion, Temple of Poseid
· Grand Master of the Knights in
· Lindos Acropolis in Rhodes, Gr
· Cycladic Mykonos, Greece(希腊
· Delos, Apollo & Artemis GR
· Nea Moni of Chios, Greece(希腊
· Homer's Stone in Khios, G
【Italy(欧洲意大利'2015-24)】
· Oceania Marina @ Civitavecchia
· Livorno Port on the Ligurian I
· Ponte Vecchio in Florence, Ita
· Florence, the City of Lilies i
· Public Arts in Florence, Italy
· Piazza della Signoria in Flore
· Piazza del Duomo in Florence,
· Santa Croce in Florence, Italy
· Pisa, Home to Galileo in Italy
· The Leaning Tower of Pisa, Ita
【Europe(欧洲掠影'2015-24)】
· Flight Adventures in Amsterdam
· Bruges Church of Our Lady, Bel
· Bruges, Venice of the North Be
· Historic Center of Bruges, Bel
· Leeds Castle, the Loveliest on
· Port of London @ Tilbury, Engl
· Le Havre, the Beautiful Concre
· Rouen Cathedral, Monet's
· Rouen, City of One Hundred Bel
· Saint-Malo, the Corsair City i
【Morocco(非洲摩洛哥'2024)】
· Agdir, the White City of Moroc
· Hassan II Mosque, Morocco(摩洛
· Casablanca, the Atlas Lions of
· El Jadida, the Hamptons of Mor
· Portuguese City of Mazagan, Mo
【Botswana(非洲博茨瓦纳'201】
· Chobe, Wild Mania Safari Botsw
· Chobe NP, Diversity of Life Bo
【South Africa(非洲南非'201】
· Nothing Like Johannesburg, So
· Cape Town, Lawgiving Capital S
· From Indian to Atlantic Ocean,
· Tala, Game Reserve Safari S Af
· iSimangaliso Wetland Park, S A
【Mozambique(非洲莫桑比克'2】
· Maputo, the Capital of Mozambi
· New Year's Day on Mozambi
· New Year's Eve on Mozambi
【Tanzania(非洲坦桑尼亚'201】
· Safari in Selous Game Reserve
· Zanzibar, the Stone Town in Ta
【Maldives(亚洲马尔代夫'201】
· Malé Atoll, Neverland in Maldi
· Malé, Sea-Leveled Capital Mald
【India(亚洲印度'2013)】
· Cochin, Queen of the Arabian i
· Mangalore, the Coastal Jewel i
· Goa, Portuguese Heritage in In
· Elephanta Caves near Mumbai, I
· Potpourris in Mumbai, India(印
· 纽约领事馆印度签证(Indian Visa
【UAE(中东阿联酋'2013)】
· Rub Al Khali Desert Safari, UA
· Sharjah, the Cultural Capital
· Dubai, Top of the World in UAE
· Grand Mosque in Abu Dhabi, UAE
· First Day in United Arab Emira
【Asia(静观亚洲'2013-19)】
· Beijing, Last Day in Hometown
· Cheng Mansion Banquet, China(
· Nanjing, Ever Cry, Never Life
· Suzhou Museum, IM Pei Masterpi
· Suzhou, Shantang Hist Cultural
· Suzhou, Cold Hill Temple in Ch
· Suzhou, Tiger Hill of China(中
· Suzhou, Pan Gate Scenic Area i
· Suzhou, Venice of the East in
· Suzhou, Lion Grove Garden of C
【Indian Ocean(穿越印度洋'1】
· 2014 Home Sweet Home(小学五年
· Nothing Like Johannesburg, So
· Chobe, Wild Mania Safari Botsw
· Chobe NP, Diversity of Life Bo
· Victoria Falls, the World'
· Cape Town, Lawgiving Capital S
· From Indian to Atlantic Ocean,
· Tala, Game Reserve Safari S Af
· iSimangaliso Wetland Park, S A
· Maputo, the Capital of Mozambi
【Ecuador(南美洲厄瓜多尔'20】
· Santa Cruz Is w/ Giant Tortois
· San Cristobal's Kicker Ro
· San Cristobal's Frigatebi
· N Seymour Is, Birdwatch in Gal
· St Cruz's Bachas Beach, G
· Bartolomé Is Pinnacled in Gala
· Santiago's Sullivan Bay,
· Isabella Is, the Largest &
· Rabida Is w/ Red Beaches, Gala
· Santiago's James Bay, Gal
【Brazil(南美洲巴西'2013)】
· Rio de Janeiro, the Carnival C
· Rio de Janeiro, a Marvelous Ci
· Brasilia, a Modernist Miracle
· Travel Break in Brazil(巴西旅
· Iguazu Falls, the World Widest
【Argentina(南美洲阿根廷'20】
· Iguazu Falls, the World Widest
· Buenos Aires, Fair Winds ARG(
· Buenos Aires, Paris of S Ameri
· Buenos Aires, the Cradle of Ta
· Península Valdés, UNESCO Site
· Cruising on New Year's Ev
· Malvinas/Falkland Is, S Americ
· Glacier Alley CHL & Ushuai
【Chile(南美洲智利'2012)】
· Cape Horn, the Furious Fifties
· Glacier Alley CHL & Ushuai
· 2012 Antarctic Dream(小学四年
· Amalia Tidewater Glacier, Chil
· 2012 Christmas @ Sea, Chile(小
· Puerto Montt, the Fujiyama Cit
· 2012 Youth Ctr @ Sea, Chile(小
· Valparaiso, the Pacific Jewel
· Vina Del Mar, the Garden City
· Santiago, City of the Island i
【S.America(漂流南美洲'2012】
· Santa Cruz Is w/ Giant Tortois
· San Cristobal's Kicker Ro
· San Cristobal's Frigatebi
· N Seymour Is, Birdwatch in Gal
· St Cruz's Bachas Beach, G
· Bartolomé Is Pinnacled in Gala
· Santiago's Sullivan Bay,
· Isabella Is, the Largest &
· Rabida Is w/ Red Beaches, Gala
· Santiago's James Bay, Gal
【非洲埃及(Egypt'2011)】
· 埃及开罗·千塔之城(Cairo, the C
· 埃及赫尔格达·红海度假胜地(Hurg
· 埃及香水文化(Egyptian Perfume)
· 埃及卢克索·最大的神殿(Luxor, t
· 埃及卡纳克·最老的神殿(Karnak,
· 埃及哈布城·神殿祭庙(Medinet Ha
· 埃及底比斯·热气球空游(Hot-Air
· 埃及尼罗河·世上最长的河流(Nile
· 埃及康翁波·双神庙(Temple of Ko
· 埃及阿布辛贝·大小石窟神庙(Abu
【Africa(漫游非洲'2011-24)】
· Agdir, the White City of Moroc
· Hassan II Mosque, Morocco(摩洛
· Casablanca, the Atlas Lions of
· El Jadida, the Hamptons of Mor
· Portuguese City of Mazagan, Mo
· 2024 Moroccan & Canarian M
· Nothing Like Johannesburg, So
· Chobe, Wild Mania Safari Botsw
· Chobe NP, Diversity of Life Bo
· Victoria Falls, the World'
【大洋洲澳大利亚(Australia'】
· 澳洲蓝山·国家公园和珍罗兰岩洞(
· 澳大利亚悉尼·翡翠之城(Sydney,
· 澳大利亚艾尔斯巨石·乌鲁鲁国家
· 澳大利亚大洋路(Great Ocean Rd,
· 墨尔本·澳大利亚文化中心(Melbou
· 澳大利亚堪培拉·相约首都(Reunio
· 澳洲菲利普岛·仙企鹅游行(Philli
· 澳大利亚塔斯马尼亚荒原(Tasmani
· 澳大利亚·骑在羊背上的国家(Ridi
【大洋洲新西兰(New Zealand'】
· 新西兰南岛·峡湾国家公园(Fiordl
· 新西兰达尼丁·拉纳克城堡(Dunedi
· 新西兰达尼丁·南方的爱丁堡(Dune
· 新西兰基督城·花园之城(Christch
· 新西兰惠灵顿·多风的首都(Wellin
· 怀奥塔普·新西兰的黄石公园(Waio
· 新西兰罗托鲁阿·硫磺之城(Rotoru
· 新西兰最大的湖泊·陶波湖(Taupo
· 新西兰怀托摩·萤火虫洞(Waitomo,
· 新西兰奥克兰·异乡重逢(Reunion
【横渡大洋洲(Oceania'2009-1】
· 澳洲蓝山·国家公园和珍罗兰岩洞(
· 澳大利亚悉尼·翡翠之城(Sydney,
· 澳大利亚艾尔斯巨石·乌鲁鲁国家
· 澳大利亚大洋路(Great Ocean Rd,
· 墨尔本·澳大利亚文化中心(Melbou
· 澳大利亚堪培拉·相约首都(Reunio
· 澳洲菲利普岛·仙企鹅游行(Philli
· 澳大利亚塔斯马尼亚荒原(Tasmani
· 澳大利亚·骑在羊背上的国家(Ridi
· 新西兰南岛·峡湾国家公园(Fiordl
【Bermuda(中美洲百慕大'2024】
· Riding Across the Atlantic fro
· St. George's Fortificatio
· Hamilton, Costly Capital of Be
· UK-Crowned Bermuda w/ Quo Fata
· En Route to Bermuda via the At
· Retreat on Board @ Cape Libert
【Mexico(中美洲墨西哥'2014)】
· Farewell to Riviera Maya, Mexi
· Tulum, the Mayan Trade Hub Mex
· Chichen Itza, a Mayan Marvel M
· Cancun & Riviera Maya, Mex
· Chankanaab NP in Cozumel, Mexi
【Caribbean(航游加勒比海'20】
· Riding Across the Atlantic fro
· St. George's Fortificatio
· Hamilton, Costly Capital of Be
· UK-Crowned Bermuda w/ Quo Fata
· En Route to Bermuda via the At
· Retreat on Board @ Cape Libert
· Farewell to Riviera Maya, Mexi
· Tulum, the Mayan Trade Hub Mex
· Chichen Itza, a Mayan Marvel M
· Cancun & Riviera Maya, Mex
【Senior(大学四年级'2024-25】
· 2025 2-Michelin Aquavit, NYC(
· 2025 Stern Baccalaureate Cerem
· 2025 2-Michelin Atomix, NYC(大
· 2025 NYU Commencement @ Yankee
· 2025 2-Michelin CTBF, NYC(大四
· 2025 Graduation Rehearsal, NYC
· 2025 2-Michelin Jean-Georges,
· 2025 Home Food Depot @ Spring
· 2025 1-Michelin Yingtao, NYC(
· 2025 3-Michelin Jungsik, NYC(
【Junior(大学三年级'2023-24】
· 2024 Med Bill on Bike Injury N
· 2024 Errand Run w/ the Junior
· 2024 3-Michelin Per Se, NYC(大
· 2024 A Lasting Imprint @ Sprin
· 2024 1-Michelin Gramercy Taver
· 2024 1-Michelin Estela, NYC(大
· 2024 Snow Pleasure of the Flee
· 2023 Convivial Lunches in Holi
· 2023 Reunion of GHCS Class 201
· 2023 Little Italy & Jiang
【Sophomore(大学二年级'2022】
· 2023 Quiet Quitting for Summer
· 2023 Cost of a Couch Potato(大
· 2023 Carpet Replacement @ Home
· 2023 House Interior Painting(
· 2023 Juneteenth @ Nectar, PA(
· 2023 Intern Move in E. Village
· 2023 Memorial @ Legal Sea Food
· 2023 Summer @ China Gourmet, P
· 2023 NYU Sophomore Move-out Da
· 2023 Spring @ Sang Kee Asian B
【Freshman(大学一年级'2021-】
· 2022 Freshman Life @ Washingto
· 2022 Freshman Move-out Day, NY
· 2022 Godspeed Spring Break in
· 2022 Hazy Shade of Winter of S
· 2022 Back-to-School Day in New
· 2022 1st Snowflakes in New Yea
· 2021 Liberty State Park, NJ(大
· 2021 Seaport, Trade & Tran
· 2021 A Flyaway Kite Move-in Da
【12th Grade(高中四年级'202】
· 2021 NPHS Commencement Ceremon
· 2021 Senior Class @ NPHS(高中
· The Progressive Tiger 2021(高
· Thank-You Note to a History Te
· Thank-You Note to an English T
· 2021 Sr. Prom(高中四年级·2021
· 2021 Special Talents(高中四年
· 2021 Shape Perspective & I
· 2021 Intellectual & Academ
· 2021 How to Use College Educat
【11th Grade(高中三年级'201】
· 2020 Uniqueness(高中三年级·杂
· Book Report—A Deep Dive into a
· 2020 Dead Dog in the Street(高
· 2020 Film Criticism—Webs of In
· 2020 Film Criticism—Character
· 2020 Brains in Comedy(高中三年
· The Graveyard 2020 (高中三年级
· Free Summer English Writing Cl
· 2020 Poem—What’s in the Closet
· An Attempt on Leadership 2020(
【10th Grade(高中二年级'201】
· Beijing, Last Day in Hometown
· Cheng Mansion Banquet, China(
· Nanjing, Ever Cry, Never Life
· Suzhou Museum, IM Pei Masterpi
· Suzhou, Shantang Hist Cultural
· Suzhou, Cold Hill Temple in Ch
· Suzhou, Tiger Hill of China(中
· Suzhou, Pan Gate Scenic Area i
· Suzhou, Venice of the East in
· Suzhou, Lion Grove Garden of C
【9th Grade(高中一年级'2017】
· Beijing, TongRenTang Chinese M
· Beijing, the Prosperous WangFu
· Beijing, Heart for Friendship
· Nanjing, Brotherly Affection i
· Shanghai, Nanjing Intercity Ra
· Shanghai, the Magic City of Ch
· Shanghai, Paris of the East in
· Shanghai Bund, Pearl of the Or
· Shanghai, Starbucks Reserve Ro
· Shanghai, a Bite of Local Cuis
【8th Grade(初中三年级'2016】
· Alpine Waterfront Towns, Swiss
· Einsiedeln, Abbey & Fondue
· Alpine Potpourri, Swiss(瑞士阿
· Lucerne, Pilatus the Dragon Mt
· Lucerne, Heart of the Country
· Lucerne, Salvation City of Swi
· Lucerne, Romantic Pearl of Swi
· Lucerne, the Mournful Lion Swi
· Lucerne, the Chapel Bridge Swi
· Lucerne, Variety of Standard S
【7th Grade(初中二年级'2015】
· 2016 MontCo Youth Field Day(初
· Windsor, the Royal Borough Eng
· Salisbury, Britain's Tall
· Ringwood, the Market Town Engl
· New Forest NP, the Royal Hunti
· Woodhenge, Neolithic Calendar
· Stonehenge, the Giant's R
· Seine Estuary, France(法国塞纳
· Le Havre, the Rebuilt City FRA
· The Seine in Paris, France(法
【6th Grade(初中一年级'2014】
· Topkapi Palace in Istanbul, Tu
· Istanbul Straddling Asian &
· Grand Bazaar in Istanbul, Turk
· Golden Horn in Istanbul, Turke
· Bosporus Strait, the Narrowest
· Nessebar w/ Thracian Influence
· Constanta, the Oldest City ROU
· Bucharest, La Belle Epoque ROU
· Bucharest, Paris of the Balkan
· Dimitrie Gusti Natl Village Mu
【5th Grade(小学五年级'2013】
· 2014 Playdate on Labor Day(小
· 2014 Labor Day Weekend Bowling
· 2014 Labor Day Weekend Party(
· 2014 Last Day of GHCS Camp, PA
· 2014 Spoons Card Game @ GHCS C
· 2014 Origami @ GHCS Camp, PA(
· 2014 Yo Yo @ GHCS Camp-2(小学
· 2014 Last Week of GHCS Camp, P
· 2014 Reunion @ China Chalet, N
· 2014 Last Day of YMCA Camp(小
【小学四年级(4th Grade'2012】
· 四年级·费城自然博物馆(2013 Aca
· 四年级·新州桑迪胡克国家休闲区(
· 小学四年级·蒙哥马利郡青少年野
· 小学四年级·从美国奇幻小说了解
· 特州里霍博斯湾(Rehoboth Bay, N
· 2013 Lavner Video Game Design
· 小学四年级·从俄国浪漫到革命(Fr
· 小学四年级·宾州法国溪流州立公
· 2013 Drama Camp-5(小学四年级·
· 小学四年级·费城管弦乐团“体育大
【小学三年级(3rd Grade'2011】
· 小学三年级·巴西签证纽约行(2012
· 小学三年级·蒙哥马利郡青少年野
· 小学三年级·烟囱雨燕驻我家(2012
· 小学三年级·朋友生日聚会(2012 D
· 2012 Tennis Camp(小学三年级·网
· 2012 Music Man Jr. Stills(小学
· 2012 Music Man Jr(小学三年级·
· 小学三年级·水上派对(2012 Pool
· 2012 Camp Report(小学三年级·夏
· 2012 Drama Rehearsal(小学三年
【小学二年级(2nd Grade'2010】
· 2011 Drama-Sports Camp-5(小学
· 2011 Drama-Sports Camp-4(小学
· 2011 Drama-Sports Camp-3(小学
· 2011 Drama-Sports Camp-2(小学
· 2011 Drama-Sports Camp-1(小学
· 小学二年级·戏剧夏令营(2011 Dra
· 小学二年级·业余活动(2011 Extra
· 小学二年级·夏令营(2011 Summer
· 小学二年级·结业典礼(2011 Year-
· 小学二年级·胚胎发育学(Embryolo
【小学一年级(1st Grade'2009】
· 澳洲蓝山·国家公园和珍罗兰岩洞(
· 澳大利亚悉尼·翡翠之城(Sydney,
· 澳大利亚艾尔斯巨石·乌鲁鲁国家
· 澳大利亚大洋路(Great Ocean Rd,
· 墨尔本·澳大利亚文化中心(Melbou
· 澳大利亚堪培拉·相约首都(Reunio
· 澳洲菲利普岛·仙企鹅游行(Philli
· 澳大利亚塔斯马尼亚荒原(Tasmani
· 澳大利亚·骑在羊背上的国家(Ridi
· 新西兰南岛·峡湾国家公园(Fiordl
【学前班(Kindergarten'2008-】
· 牙买加八条河·热带天堂(Ocho Rio
· 哥斯达黎加·拥抱纯净生活(Costa
· 巴拿马运河·海事工程奇迹(Panama
· 哥伦比亚魔城·卡塔赫纳(Cartagen
· 阿鲁巴·开心之岛快乐的选择(Arub
· 佛罗里达州迈阿密·古巴风味(Miam
· 学前班·两个星期(夏令营之后开学
· 学前班·算术—孩子的花销(2009 Ma
· 学前班·夏令营(2009 Summer Camp
· 学前班·证书奖状奖杯(2009 Award
【幼儿班(Preschool'2007-08)】
· “嘉年华·命运”号游轮—人间烟火气
· 波多黎各·妩媚之岛(Puerto Rico,
· 多米尼加·水淙石之国(Dominican
· 圣基茨和尼维斯·火山岛(St Kitts
· 巴巴多斯·盛夏光年岛(Barbados,
· 多米尼克·加勒比天然岛(Dominica
· 美属维京群岛·圣托马斯岛(St Tho
· “挪威·阿罗哈骄傲”号—夏威夷州游
· 夏威夷州欧胡岛·相聚之岛(O'
· 夏威夷州考艾岛·花园之岛(Kaua&#
【万花筒(Kaleidoscope)】
· 2025 Contest Traffic Violation
· 2025 Pickleball @ Guinea Lane
· 2025 Fascia Trim Repair Post-S
· 2025 Teachers' Appreciati
· 2025 CNY Gala @ CGCC, PA(宾州
· 2025 MRL Lunch for Year of Sna
· 2025 Guanghua Snake New Year G
· 2024 1st Snow on Winter Solsti
· 2024 Fun Games @ GHCS Field Da
· GHCS Opening for Academic 2024
【中美洲开曼群岛(Cayman Is'】
【中美洲洪都拉斯(Honduras'2】
【中美洲伯利兹(Belize'2014)】
【非洲纳米比亚(Namibia'2014】
【非洲赞比亚(Zambia'2014)】
【非洲津巴布韦(Zimbabwe'201】
【非洲马达加斯加(Madagascar'】
【非洲肯尼亚(Kenya'2013)】
【非洲塞舌尔群岛(Seychelles'】
【亚洲阿曼(Oman'2013)】
【Galapagos(南美洲达尔文群岛】
【南美洲乌拉圭(Uraguay'2013】
【中美洲牙买加(Jamaica'2009】
【中美洲哥斯达黎加(Costa Rica�】
【中美洲巴拿马(Panama'2009)】
【中美洲哥伦比亚(Columbia'2】
【中美洲阿鲁巴(Aruba'2009)】
【中美洲波多黎各(Puerto Rico】
【中美洲多美尼加(Dominican Rep&#】
【中美洲圣基茨(St.Kitts'200】
【中美洲巴巴多斯(Barbados'2】
【中美洲多米尼克(Dominica'2】
【中美洲圣洁群岛(Virgin Is'】
【夏威夷(Hawaii'2007)】
 
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