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巴拿馬運河·海事工程奇蹟(Panama Canal, an Engineering Marvel) 2011-11-16 04:25:21

2009-01-28

Panama Canal0001.JPG

        記得小的時候,因為“文革運動”,父母分居兩地,我藉助寒暑假探親之際,經常穿梭於京津濟徐寧杭一帶,所以對世界上里程最長、工程最大、歷史最久的運河之一京杭大運河早有見識;大學以後,我遠離家鄉獨自一人在外讀書,更加頻繁往返京寧一線,去探望終於定居南京的父母。有一年暑假,我索性與正在念初中的妹妹搭伴,一起從北京出發,先後穿過天津直轄市、河北、山東、江蘇、浙江四省,第一次實地領略貫通海河、黃河、淮河、長江、錢塘江五大水系的京杭大運河。遺憾的是當時正值上個世紀80年代,全國上下百廢待興,政府除了重視運河沿岸的糧、棉、油、蠶桑、麻產區之外,對運河的開發和使用並沒有太多行之有效的管理措施,因此古代有關運河“漁歌飄渺飛檐外,帆影參差玉浪中”的美貌容顏,早已無處追尋。

        沒想到時隔廿多年的今天,我會帶上自己將要六歲的孩子,共同橫穿巴拿馬“魚類豐富”地峽,親自飽覽號稱世界七大工程奇蹟【注】之首的“世界橋梁”──巴拿馬運河。

        巴拿馬共和國地處中美洲,地理位置接近赤道,一年僅分旱、雨兩季。嚴格說來,不下雨的季節極其短暫,從十二月開始到來年二、三月份結束,絕對是旅遊的黃金時段;剩下的大部頭日子幾乎陰雨連綿,天氣異常悶熱潮濕,蚊子更加肆無忌憚,過去這一帶曾是黃熱病的高發地區。其實對過慣乾燥寒冷氣候的我們而言,即使一月份不下雨,仍不免滿臉潮紅,常常有透不過氣的感覺;一路好動的孩子更像武聖關羽,面如重棗唇若塗脂。

        巴拿馬運河實為水閘式運河,以48英哩/77公里的長度成為世界排行老二。因為連接太平洋和大西洋,它與連接地中海和紅海之間的蘇伊士“乾草”運河同屬全球最具經濟意義、最有戰略地位的兩條人工水道,而身為鄰家的美利堅合眾國更是開鑿巴拿馬運河的直接獲益者。通航以後,美國東西海岸相互串門的船隻不必再兜上一大圈兒非得繞道南美洲底端智利南部合恩“海岬”角不可,大大縮短了航運行程,既省時又省力。難怪美國一開始就不遺餘力投資興建,正如以下這則意味深長、帶有迴文結構的廣告中所說:“人、規劃、運河—巴拿馬(A man, a plan, a canal- Panama)”,賢人的遠見和膽識成就了巴拿馬運河!

        為了確保自身利益不受損失,美國甚至在兩岸進出關口重重設防,動用軍隊認真把守,最終換取無償使用運河長達近一個世紀(1914—1999)!美國撤兵後,這些占地面廣設施齊全的營區一直處在閒置狀態,不過我們一眼就能辨認出其與眾不同的景觀。聽當地導遊說,早已過慣了殖民性優裕生活的平民百姓依舊十分懷戀過去享受富佬物資補濟的大好歲月,尤其當巴拿馬政府獨立掌控運河命運以後、國民收入持續下降的時候。

        為了遊覽巴拿馬運河全程,我們從靠近加勒比“勇者”海大西洋一側的科隆“鴿子”改乘運河遊船,由北向南朝太平洋方向行駛。好在遊客優先,我們僅需八小時就可以順利抵達距離首都巴拿馬城不遠的終點站美谷港。

        巴拿馬運河的商業氣息很濃,每天都有掛着各種各樣國旗的貨輪從這裡穿行。運河周圍的生態單一,除了低矮的熱帶雨林之外,人工圍造的湖泊時有海鷗水鳥飛來飛去;巴拿馬國鳥神鷹偶爾會俯衝到我們跟前,算作打上照面混個臉熟。我們發現,印有漢字的中國商船比比皆是,尤其來自香港的貨輪一個接着一個,大有壟斷整體航線之勢。

        加通“貓樣”湖(Lake Gatún)是巴拿馬運河最大的人工湖,其水位高出海平面85英尺/26米。馬登“獵犬”湖(Lake Madden)如同運河的儲備水庫,汛期到來之際,雨水越積越多,自然而然變成加通湖取之不盡用之不竭的源泉。查格雷斯“我們居住的河流”河(Chagres River)上有三個水壩,一方面可以控制河水流量,另一方面還能進行水利發電和水利調節,為運河水閘提供充足的水源。   

      大西洋和太平洋的海平面應該相差無幾,但由於兩岸地形差異導致潮汐有很大不同,因此水閘的引入對於穿越兩個洋面的船隻至關重要。加通、米拉弗洛雷斯“觀花”(Miraflores Lock)、佩德羅·米格爾“磐石·神似”(Pedro Miguel Lock)等三座水閘在電動牽引機的帶領下,慢慢將船隻升高或者降低至海平面,這樣過往船隻才能藉助運河水道,從海洋的一端駛向另一端。到目前為止,每一個水閘前後僅有1,000英尺/305米,所以任何船隻身長都得把握尺度,容不得越雷池一寸。

        庫萊布拉勇敢水渠(Gaillard Cut)即庫萊布拉“蛇口”水渠(Culebra Cut),始於運河最窄處的甘博亞“河流彎道”(Gamboa),爾後穿過北美大陸分水嶺。加通湖和馬登湖北上流入大西洋,米拉弗洛雷斯湖則南下匯進太平洋,涇渭分明。

        無論從大西洋或太平洋哪個方向進入巴拿馬運河,據說一次通行費需要事先付清20萬美元,而且只收現金!怪不得我們觀光巴拿馬運河的票價貴得要死,聽起來跟天價差不多。

【注】所謂世界七大工程,指的是巴拿馬運河、紐約的帝國大廈、舊金山的金門大橋、多倫多的加拿大國家電視塔、巴西的響石大壩和英法海底隧道。 

Today in History(歷史上的今天):

2008: 聖托馬斯島—加勒比海門戶(Carribean Gateway, Saint Thomas)

01-28-09_ Sunrise.jpgMorning Light (晨曦)

01-28-09_ Panama Gatun Lake, the Man-Made Lake 加通人工湖0001.JPGGatun Lake,the Largest Artificial Lake in the World Ever Built at the Time

(加通湖·當時建造的世上最大的人工湖)

01-28-09_ Lighthouse above Tropical Rain Forest 熱帶雨林上燈塔0001.JPGGatun Lake Lighthouse above the Impassably Tropical Rainforest, the Best Defense of the Panama Canal

(加通湖熱帶雨林上燈塔·湖邊無法通行的熱帶雨林成為巴拿馬運河最好的防禦工事)

01-28-09_  Gatún Northbound Rear Lighthouse.jpgNo Longer Active for Navigation

(加通北行後燈塔·不再用於航行)

01-28-09_ Chagres River the Largest River in the Panama Canal's Drainage Basin查格里斯河0001.JPGRiver Chagres, the Panama Canal's Chief Source of Water, Covered by Dense Tropical Forests @ Its Upper Basin

(查格雷斯河·巴拿馬運河主要水源,上游流域覆蓋着茂密的熱帶森林)

01-28-09_ Lake Madden 瘋狂河0001.JPGLake Madden, a Back-up Water Supply for the Panama Canal, Supplementing Gatun Lake & Holding Water to Regulate the Chagres River

(馬登湖·巴拿馬運河的備用水源,補充加通湖的水量並調節查格雷斯河的水量)

01-28-09_ Panama Canal_Ferry 渡輪-40001.JPGFerry Running over the Panama Canal (巴拿馬運河上渡輪)

01-28-09_ Gatun Dam & Spillway.jpgGatun Dam & Spillway (加通水壩和溢洪道)

01-28-09_ Gamboa_Road & Rail Bridge.jpgRoad & Rail Bridge @ Gamboa

(甘博阿“圓形山峰”鎮·鐵路公路大橋)

01-28-09_ Dredger.jpgDredger (挖泥船)

01-28-09_ Gatun Lake w China Shipping Line, a Global Leader in Container Shipping, , the Man-Made Lake 加通人工湖-10001.jpgGatun Lake w/ China Shipping Line, a Global Leader in Container Shipping

(加通湖上中國海運集團有限公司·全球集裝箱航運領軍集團 01-28-2009)

01-28-09_ Tug Boat.jpgTug Boat (拖船)

01-28-09_ NCC RABIGH, ChemicalOil Tanker Built in 2007 by Hyundai S Korea-10001.jpgNCC RABIGH, Chemical/Oil Tanker Built by Hyundai South Korea Heavy Industries Co., Ltd. in 2007

(2007年由韓國現代重工有限公司建造的沙特拉比格“春天”化學品/油輪 01-28-2009)


Gatun Chamber, the 1st Locks to Raise & Lower Ships between Gatun Lake & the Atlantic Ocean

 (加通船閘·巴拿馬第一閘室,負責在加通湖和大西洋之間升降船隻)

01-28-09_ Pedro Miguel locks-10001.jpgApproching the Lock Chamber of Pedro Miguel Locks 

(佩德羅·米格爾閘門——駛向船閘室 01-28-2009)

01-28-09_ Pedro Miguel locks-50001.jpgPedro Miguel Locks w/ Canal Doors Closing Tight

(佩德羅·米格爾閘門——閘門緊閉 01-28-2009)

01-28-09_ Pedro Miguel locks-30001.jpg

Pedro Miguel Locks, a Key Segment of the Panama Canal 

(佩德羅·米格爾閘門——巴拿馬運河的關鍵部分 01-28-2009)

01-28-09_ Panama Canal Pedro Migule Locks-40001.JPGPedro Miguel Locks, the Smallest of the 3 Sets of Locks Constructed for the Panama Canal 

(米格爾閘·巴拿馬運河建造的三組船閘中最小的一組)

01-28-09_ Opened Pedro Miguel Locks 佩德羅·米格爾閘門開啟-30001.jpgSwing Bridges @ Pedro Miguel Locks 

(佩德羅·米格爾閘門——平轉橋 01-28-2009)

01-28-09_ Pedro Miguel lock Gates.jpgPedro Miguel Sluice System, the Narrowest Lock Close to the “Mules”, the Toylike Silver Locomotives to Guide the Ships

(佩德羅·米格爾水閘系統——最窄的船閘,觸手可觸及引導船隻像玩具似的銀色“騾子”機頭)

01-28-09_ Miraflores Lock Station.jpgAdministration Bldg @ Miraflores Locks

(米拉弗洛雷斯船閘·行政大樓)

01-28-09_ Panama Canal Miraflores Locks 花景水閘-40001.JPGMiraflores Locks w/ Water Lifts, Raising & Lowering Ships from Sea Level up to the Gatun Lake Water Level

(米拉弗洛雷斯閘·操控水力升降,將船舶從海平面提升到加通湖水位)

01-28-09_ Panama Canal Miraflores Locks-20001.JPGMiraflores Chamber, the Best Place to Watch the Big Ships Pass through the Panama Canal Lock System w/ 100% Humidity in Late January

(米拉弗洛雷斯閘·一月末濕度飽滿地觀看大型船舶通過巴拿馬運河船閘系統的最佳景地 01-28-2009)

01-28-09_ Miraflores Lock Gates.jpgMiraflores Chamber w/ Doubled Gates @ Both Ends of the Upper Chamber for Safety

(米拉弗洛雷斯閘·上層閘室兩端的閘門均採用雙層設計,以確保安全)

01-28-09_ Atlantic Bridge-10001.jpgAtlantic Bridge, the 3rd Bridge to Span the Panama Canal in Concrete Cable-Stayed Design

(大西洋大橋·橫跨巴拿馬運河的第三座大橋,混凝土斜拉橋設計 01-28-2009)

01-28-09_ A View from the Front of a Ship Approaching the Centennial Bridge00001.JPGCentennial Bridge, the 2nd Road Bridge over the Panama Canal

(世紀大橋·巴拿馬運河上第二座公路橋 01-28-2009)

01-28-09_ Centennial Bridge across the Culebra Cut 世紀大橋橫跨蛇口-30001.JPGCentennial Bridge across the Culebra Cut, the Most Challenging & Deadly Section of the Panama Canal, Infamous for Its Frequent & Large Landslides Caused by Unstable Rock & Soil

 (橫跨庫萊布拉水渠的世紀大橋·巴拿馬運河最具挑戰性和最致命的路段,因不穩定的岩石和土壤導致頻繁發生大規模山體滑坡而臭名昭著 01-28-2009)


Culebra Cut, An Artificial Valley through the Continental Divide in Panama 

(庫萊布拉水渠·北美大陸分水嶺上人工峽谷)

01-28-09_ Pacific Side of Panama Canal0001.JPG


Pacific Side of the Panama Canal

(巴拿馬運河太平洋一側 01-28-2009)

01-28-09_ Bridge of Americas, the 1st Road Bridge  美洲大橋·巴拿馬運河第一座公路橋-10001.jpgBridge of the Americas, the 1st Road Bridge in the Panama Canal

(美洲大橋·巴拿馬運河第一座公路橋 01-28-2009)

01-28-09_ Bridge of Americas over Panama Canal_Front-10001.jpgBridge of the Americas, Carrying the Pan American Highway over the Canal

(美洲大橋·承載泛美公路穿越運河 01-28-2009)

Bridge of the Americas, a Cantilever Bridge w/ a Central Tied-Arch Span

(美洲大橋·中央系杆拱跨度的懸臂橋)

01-28-09_ Taboga Island 多魚島0001.JPGTaboga Island, a Volcanic Island in the Gulf of Panama in the Pacific Ocean

(太平洋上塔博加“多魚”島·巴拿馬灣的火山島)

01-28-09_ Balboa Harbor  巴波亞港0001.JPGBalboa Harbor, the Primary Gateway on the Pacific Side of the Panama Canal, a Critical Choke Point for Global Shipping

(巴爾博亞“愉快的河谷”港·巴拿馬運河太平洋一側的主要門戶,全球航運的關鍵咽喉要地)

01-28-09_ Panama City, the Capital in Haze 霧霾下首都巴拿馬城-20001.JPGPanama City, the Capital in Haze (霧霾下首都巴拿馬城)


Harpy Eagle (美洲角雕)

01-28-09_ El Tamborito @ Colon Port 科隆港·巴拿馬民間小鼓舞蹈0001.JPGEl Tamborito @ Colon Port

(科隆港·巴拿馬民間小鼓舞蹈)

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· Printemps, French Haussmann in
· Waterfront of Roosevelt Island
· Roosevelt Is, Home to Hist Lan
· The Girl Puzzle Mon, Roosevelt
· 2025 2-Michelin César, NYC(紐
· 2025 FDR Four Freedoms SP,NYC
【China(亞洲中國)】
· Beijing, Last Day in Hometown
· Cheng Mansion Banquet, China(
· Nanjing, Ever Cry, Never Life
· Suzhou Museum, IM Pei Masterpi
· Suzhou, Shantang Hist Cultural
· Suzhou, Cold Hill Temple in Ch
· Suzhou, Tiger Hill of China(中
· Suzhou, Pan Gate Scenic Area i
· Suzhou, Venice of the East in
· Suzhou, Lion Grove Garden of C
【Canada(北美洲加拿大'2017)】
· Uncertainty of Travel in Green
· St. John's East Coast Tra
· St. John's Newfoundland,
· Overpriced Gas Taste in Canada
· Double-Charge, Caribbean Princ
· Salty Food on Caribbean Prince
· Cape Breton Is. via Sydney Can
· Halifax, Warden of the North C
· En Route to Greenland via Hali
· Ottawa, Yesterday's City
【Belgium(歐洲比利時'2024)】
· Bruges Church of Our Lady, Bel
· Bruges, Venice of the North Be
· Historic Center of Bruges, Bel
【Portugal(歐洲葡萄牙'2024)】
· Porto, the 2nd Largest of Port
· Braga, the Religious Ctr of Po
· Sé de Braga, Portugal(葡萄牙布
· Bom Jesus do Monte in Braga, P
· Guimaraes, the Birthplace of P
· Monast.of Sao Vicente de Fora,
· Lisbon's Sacred Sites, Po
· Belém Complex in Lisbon, Portu
· Capital's Historic Charm,
· Oceania Marina's Godmothe
【Spain(歐洲西班牙'2018-24)】
· Guggenheim Effect on Bilbao, S
· Bilbao, the NW Capital of Spai
· Getxo, Basque Refinement in Sp
· Vizcaya Bridge over Portugalet
· La Coruna, the Glass City of S
· Hostal dos Reis Católicos, ESP
· Archcathedral Basilica of Sant
· Santiago de Compostela, Spain(
· Cumbre Vieja Volcano Ridge,Sp
· San Miguel de La Palma,Spain(
【Monaco(歐洲摩納哥'2018)】
· Monegasques vs Monacians, Mona
· Monaco-Ville & Monte Carlo
【Albania(歐洲阿爾巴尼亞'20】
· Saranda & Blue Eye Spring,
· Gjirokaster, Home to Hoxha ALB
· Gjirokaster, the Stone City AL
【Croatia(歐洲克羅地亞'2018】
· Cavtat, the Treasure World HRV
· Dubrovnik, Home to Tito Croati
· Dubrovnik, Pearl of the Adriat
· Cruising @ the Adriatic Sea, I
【Switzerland(歐洲瑞士'2017】
· Alpine Waterfront Towns, Swiss
· Einsiedeln, Abbey & Fondue
· Alpine Potpourri, Swiss(瑞士阿
· Lucerne, Pilatus the Dragon Mt
· Lucerne, Heart of the Country
· Lucerne, Salvation City of Swi
· Lucerne, Romantic Pearl of Swi
· Lucerne, the Mournful Lion Swi
· Lucerne, the Chapel Bridge Swi
· Lucerne, Variety of Standard S
【Netherlands(歐洲荷蘭'2017】
· Flight Adventures in Amsterdam
· Waal River, Distributary Rhine
· Nijmegen, the Oldest City NLD(
· Zaltbommel, the Salt City NLD(
· Dordrecht, the Sheep's He
· Kinderdijk Windmills, Iconic N
· Cheese Farm near Kinderdijk, N
· Amsterdam, the Mokum in Nether
· Amsterdam, Venice of the North
· Amsterdam, Jerusalem of the No
【Hungary(歐洲匈牙利'2017)】
· Budapest, Pearl of the Danube
· Budapest, Matthias Church HUN(
· Budapest, Queen of the Danube
· Budapest, the Heart of Europe
· Budapest, the Capital of Freed
· Esztergom, the Old Capital HUN
· Lower Danube, Slovakia-Hungary
【Slovakia(歐洲斯洛伐克'201】
· Lower Danube, Slovakia-Hungary
· Bratislava, Beauty on the Danu
· Bratislava, Little Big Capital
· Bratislava, City of Glory SVK(
【Czech(歐洲捷克'2017)】
· Cesky Krumlov, the Cobbled Cha
· Cesky Krumlov the Jewel of Boh
· Cesky Krumlov, Crooked Meadow
【Austria(歐洲奧地利'2017)】
· Mozart & Strauss Concert,
· Belvedere, the Austrian Galler
· Vienna, the City of Music in A
· Vienna, the Capital of Dreams
· Wachau Valley, the Queen of Fr
· Dürnstein, the Lionheart Castl
· Melk Abbey, Austria(奧地利梅爾
· Wachau Valley, Wine Tasting AU
· Linz, the Hitler Youthhood AUS
· Upper Danube, Austria(奧地利多
【France(歐洲法國'2016-24)】
· Le Havre, the Beautiful Concre
· Rouen Cathedral, Monet's
· Rouen, City of One Hundred Bel
· Saint-Malo, the Corsair City i
· Mont St-Michel, Wonder of the
· Dinard, Cannes of the North in
· Lorient, the Town of 5 Ports i
· Walled Town of Concarneau, Fra
· Bordeaux, Port of the Moon in
· Chateau de Ferrand, Grand Cru
【Ireland(歐洲愛爾蘭'2016)】
· Dublin, the Pale of Ireland(愛
· Dublin, UNESCO City of Literat
· Avoca, IRL's Oldest Weavi
· County Wicklow, the Garden of
· Glendalough Monastery, Ireland
· Cobh, the Teardrop of Ireland(
· Cork, the Rebel County of Irel
· Kinsale, the Tide Head of Irel
· Blarney Castle, Stone of Eloqu
【Channel Is(歐洲海峽群島'2】
· Channel Islands, UK(英國皇家屬
· Guernsey, the Donkey Island in
· Guernsey over the English Chan
【Sweden(歐洲瑞典'2016)】
· Nynashamn, 1912 Olympic Sailin
· Stockholm, Beauty on the Water
· Stockholm, Venice of the North
· Stockholm Palace, Sweden(瑞典
· Capital Stockholm, Sweden(瑞典
【Finland(歐洲芬蘭'2016)】
· Helsinki, the White City of Fi
· Capital Helsinki, Finland(芬蘭
· Porvoo, the Medieval Town of F
【Russia(歐洲俄羅斯'2016)】
· Kotlin Island in St. Petersbur
· St. Petersburg—Leningrad, Russ
· St Petersburg, Venice of the N
· Pushkin in St. Petersburg, Rus
· Two Palaces in St. Petersburg,
· Moscow, the Third Rome of Russ
· Moscow Red Square, Russia(俄羅
· Moscow Kremlin, the White-Ston
【Estonia(歐洲愛沙尼亞'2016】
· Tallinn, Crossroads of Europe
· Tallinn, the Old Town of Eston
· Middle of Nowhere @ Baltic Sea
【Germany(歐洲德國'2016-18)】
· Black Forest NP, Home to Cucko
· Baden, the Longest Wine Region
· Breisach, the Haven of Romance
· Kehl, the Rhine Throat of Germ
· Strasbourg, FRA/Mercedes-Benz,
· Speyer, 2027 Years of Glory DE
· Speyer, the Emperor Burial Pla
· Speyer Cathedral, Germany(德國
· Mannheim, the UNESCO City of M
· Ludwigshafen, BASF Headquarter
【Norway(歐洲挪威'2016)】
· Middle of Nowhere @ Baltic Sea
· Oslo, the City of Tiger in Nor
· Oslo, the Meadow beneath the H
【Denmark(歐洲丹麥'2016)】
· Uncertainty of Travel in Green
· Greenland's Edu & Hea
· A Sea of Ice in Greenland, Den
· Nanortalik in Greenland, Denma
· Qaqortoq, the Pearl of South G
· Santa Claus from Greenland, DN
· Nuuk, Capital of Greenland DNK
· North Drift to Greenland, Denm
· Frederiksborg, the Nordic Vers
· Fredensborg, the Danish Versai
【UK(歐洲英國'2016-24)】
· Leeds Castle, the Loveliest on
· Port of London @ Tilbury, Engl
· Windsor, the Royal Borough Eng
· Salisbury, Britain's Tall
· Ringwood, the Market Town Engl
· New Forest NP, the Royal Hunti
· Woodhenge, Neolithic Calendar
· Stonehenge, the Giant's R
· Middle of Nowhere @ North Sea(
· Firth of Forth in Edinburgh, S
【Vatican(歐洲梵蒂岡'2015)】
· St. Peter's Basilica, Vat
· World's Smallest Country,
【Malta(歐洲馬耳他'2015)】
· Mdina, the Medieval Capital of
· Valletta, Open-Air Museum of M
· European Colonized Nation, Mal
【Turkey(歐洲土耳其'2015)】
· Topkapi Palace in Istanbul, Tu
· Istanbul Straddling Asian &
· Grand Bazaar in Istanbul, Turk
· Golden Horn in Istanbul, Turke
· Bosporus Strait, the Narrowest
· Seljuk, the Sacred Place in Tu
· Kusadasi, the Aegean Resort TU
· Dardanelles Strait, Sea of Hel
· Blue Mosque in Istanbul, Turke
· Basilica Cistern in Istanbul,
【Bulgaria(歐洲保加利亞'201】
· Nessebar w/ Thracian Influence
· Nessebar w/ Iconic Arts, Bulga
· Nessebar, Pearl of Black Sea B
【Romania(歐洲羅馬尼亞'2015】
· Constanta, the Oldest City ROU
· Bucharest, La Belle Epoque ROU
· Bucharest, Paris of the Balkan
· Dimitrie Gusti Natl Village Mu
· Ceausescu's Dictatorship,
【Greece(歐洲希臘'2015-18)】
· Katakolon, Traditional Dishes
· Olympia, the Promised Land GRC
· Olympia, Mountain of the Gods
· Cape Sounion, Temple of Poseid
· Grand Master of the Knights in
· Lindos Acropolis in Rhodes, Gr
· Cycladic Mykonos, Greece(希臘
· Delos, Apollo & Artemis GR
· Nea Moni of Chios, Greece(希臘
· Homer's Stone in Khios, G
【Italy(歐洲意大利'2015-24)】
· Oceania Marina @ Civitavecchia
· Livorno Port on the Ligurian I
· Ponte Vecchio in Florence, Ita
· Florence, the City of Lilies i
· Public Arts in Florence, Italy
· Piazza della Signoria in Flore
· Piazza del Duomo in Florence,
· Santa Croce in Florence, Italy
· Pisa, Home to Galileo in Italy
· The Leaning Tower of Pisa, Ita
【Europe(歐洲掠影'2015-24)】
· Flight Adventures in Amsterdam
· Bruges Church of Our Lady, Bel
· Bruges, Venice of the North Be
· Historic Center of Bruges, Bel
· Leeds Castle, the Loveliest on
· Port of London @ Tilbury, Engl
· Le Havre, the Beautiful Concre
· Rouen Cathedral, Monet's
· Rouen, City of One Hundred Bel
· Saint-Malo, the Corsair City i
【Morocco(非洲摩洛哥'2024)】
· Agdir, the White City of Moroc
· Hassan II Mosque, Morocco(摩洛
· Casablanca, the Atlas Lions of
· El Jadida, the Hamptons of Mor
· Portuguese City of Mazagan, Mo
【Botswana(非洲博茨瓦納'201】
· Chobe, Wild Mania Safari Botsw
· Chobe NP, Diversity of Life Bo
【South Africa(非洲南非'201】
· Nothing Like Johannesburg, So
· Cape Town, Lawgiving Capital S
· From Indian to Atlantic Ocean,
· Tala, Game Reserve Safari S Af
· iSimangaliso Wetland Park, S A
【Mozambique(非洲莫桑比克'2】
· Maputo, the Capital of Mozambi
· New Year's Day on Mozambi
· New Year's Eve on Mozambi
【Tanzania(非洲坦桑尼亞'201】
· Safari in Selous Game Reserve
· Zanzibar, the Stone Town in Ta
【Maldives(亞洲馬爾代夫'201】
· Malé Atoll, Neverland in Maldi
· Malé, Sea-Leveled Capital Mald
【India(亞洲印度'2013)】
· Cochin, Queen of the Arabian i
· Mangalore, the Coastal Jewel i
· Goa, Portuguese Heritage in In
· Elephanta Caves near Mumbai, I
· Potpourris in Mumbai, India(印
· 紐約領事館印度簽證(Indian Visa
【UAE(中東阿聯酋'2013)】
· Rub Al Khali Desert Safari, UA
· Sharjah, the Cultural Capital
· Dubai, Top of the World in UAE
· Grand Mosque in Abu Dhabi, UAE
· First Day in United Arab Emira
【Asia(靜觀亞洲'2013-19)】
· Beijing, Last Day in Hometown
· Cheng Mansion Banquet, China(
· Nanjing, Ever Cry, Never Life
· Suzhou Museum, IM Pei Masterpi
· Suzhou, Shantang Hist Cultural
· Suzhou, Cold Hill Temple in Ch
· Suzhou, Tiger Hill of China(中
· Suzhou, Pan Gate Scenic Area i
· Suzhou, Venice of the East in
· Suzhou, Lion Grove Garden of C
【Indian Ocean(穿越印度洋'1】
· 2014 Home Sweet Home(小學五年
· Nothing Like Johannesburg, So
· Chobe, Wild Mania Safari Botsw
· Chobe NP, Diversity of Life Bo
· Victoria Falls, the World'
· Cape Town, Lawgiving Capital S
· From Indian to Atlantic Ocean,
· Tala, Game Reserve Safari S Af
· iSimangaliso Wetland Park, S A
· Maputo, the Capital of Mozambi
【Ecuador(南美洲厄瓜多爾'20】
· Santa Cruz Is w/ Giant Tortois
· San Cristobal's Kicker Ro
· San Cristobal's Frigatebi
· N Seymour Is, Birdwatch in Gal
· St Cruz's Bachas Beach, G
· Bartolomé Is Pinnacled in Gala
· Santiago's Sullivan Bay,
· Isabella Is, the Largest &
· Rabida Is w/ Red Beaches, Gala
· Santiago's James Bay, Gal
【Brazil(南美洲巴西'2013)】
· Rio de Janeiro, the Carnival C
· Rio de Janeiro, a Marvelous Ci
· Brasilia, a Modernist Miracle
· Travel Break in Brazil(巴西旅
· Iguazu Falls, the World Widest
【Argentina(南美洲阿根廷'20】
· Iguazu Falls, the World Widest
· Buenos Aires, Fair Winds ARG(
· Buenos Aires, Paris of S Ameri
· Buenos Aires, the Cradle of Ta
· Península Valdés, UNESCO Site
· Cruising on New Year's Ev
· Malvinas/Falkland Is, S Americ
· Glacier Alley CHL & Ushuai
【Chile(南美洲智利'2012)】
· Cape Horn, the Furious Fifties
· Glacier Alley CHL & Ushuai
· 2012 Antarctic Dream(小學四年
· Amalia Tidewater Glacier, Chil
· 2012 Christmas @ Sea, Chile(小
· Puerto Montt, the Fujiyama Cit
· 2012 Youth Ctr @ Sea, Chile(小
· Valparaiso, the Pacific Jewel
· Vina Del Mar, the Garden City
· Santiago, City of the Island i
【S.America(漂流南美洲'2012】
· Santa Cruz Is w/ Giant Tortois
· San Cristobal's Kicker Ro
· San Cristobal's Frigatebi
· N Seymour Is, Birdwatch in Gal
· St Cruz's Bachas Beach, G
· Bartolomé Is Pinnacled in Gala
· Santiago's Sullivan Bay,
· Isabella Is, the Largest &
· Rabida Is w/ Red Beaches, Gala
· Santiago's James Bay, Gal
【非洲埃及(Egypt'2011)】
· 埃及開羅·千塔之城(Cairo, the C
· 埃及赫爾格達·紅海度假勝地(Hurg
· 埃及香水文化(Egyptian Perfume)
· 埃及盧克索·最大的神殿(Luxor, t
· 埃及卡納克·最老的神殿(Karnak,
· 埃及哈布城·神殿祭廟(Medinet Ha
· 埃及底比斯·熱氣球空游(Hot-Air
· 埃及尼羅河·世上最長的河流(Nile
· 埃及康翁波·雙神廟(Temple of Ko
· 埃及阿布辛貝·大小石窟神廟(Abu
【Africa(漫遊非洲'2011-24)】
· Agdir, the White City of Moroc
· Hassan II Mosque, Morocco(摩洛
· Casablanca, the Atlas Lions of
· El Jadida, the Hamptons of Mor
· Portuguese City of Mazagan, Mo
· 2024 Moroccan & Canarian M
· Nothing Like Johannesburg, So
· Chobe, Wild Mania Safari Botsw
· Chobe NP, Diversity of Life Bo
· Victoria Falls, the World'
【大洋洲澳大利亞(Australia'】
· 澳洲藍山·國家公園和珍羅蘭岩洞(
· 澳大利亞悉尼·翡翠之城(Sydney,
· 澳大利亞艾爾斯巨石·烏魯魯國家
· 澳大利亞大洋路(Great Ocean Rd,
· 墨爾本·澳大利亞文化中心(Melbou
· 澳大利亞堪培拉·相約首都(Reunio
· 澳洲菲利普島·仙企鵝遊行(Philli
· 澳大利亞塔斯馬尼亞荒原(Tasmani
· 澳大利亞·騎在羊背上的國家(Ridi
【大洋洲新西蘭(New Zealand'】
· 新西蘭南島·峽灣國家公園(Fiordl
· 新西蘭達尼丁·拉納克城堡(Dunedi
· 新西蘭達尼丁·南方的愛丁堡(Dune
· 新西蘭基督城·花園之城(Christch
· 新西蘭惠靈頓·多風的首都(Wellin
· 懷奧塔普·新西蘭的黃石公園(Waio
· 新西蘭羅托魯阿·硫磺之城(Rotoru
· 新西蘭最大的湖泊·陶波湖(Taupo
· 新西蘭懷托摩·螢火蟲洞(Waitomo,
· 新西蘭奧克蘭·異鄉重逢(Reunion
【橫渡大洋洲(Oceania'2009-1】
· 澳洲藍山·國家公園和珍羅蘭岩洞(
· 澳大利亞悉尼·翡翠之城(Sydney,
· 澳大利亞艾爾斯巨石·烏魯魯國家
· 澳大利亞大洋路(Great Ocean Rd,
· 墨爾本·澳大利亞文化中心(Melbou
· 澳大利亞堪培拉·相約首都(Reunio
· 澳洲菲利普島·仙企鵝遊行(Philli
· 澳大利亞塔斯馬尼亞荒原(Tasmani
· 澳大利亞·騎在羊背上的國家(Ridi
· 新西蘭南島·峽灣國家公園(Fiordl
【Bermuda(中美洲百慕大'2024】
· Riding Across the Atlantic fro
· St. George's Fortificatio
· Hamilton, Costly Capital of Be
· UK-Crowned Bermuda w/ Quo Fata
· En Route to Bermuda via the At
· Retreat on Board @ Cape Libert
【Mexico(中美洲墨西哥'2014)】
· Farewell to Riviera Maya, Mexi
· Tulum, the Mayan Trade Hub Mex
· Chichen Itza, a Mayan Marvel M
· Cancun & Riviera Maya, Mex
· Chankanaab NP in Cozumel, Mexi
【Caribbean(航游加勒比海'20】
· Riding Across the Atlantic fro
· St. George's Fortificatio
· Hamilton, Costly Capital of Be
· UK-Crowned Bermuda w/ Quo Fata
· En Route to Bermuda via the At
· Retreat on Board @ Cape Libert
· Farewell to Riviera Maya, Mexi
· Tulum, the Mayan Trade Hub Mex
· Chichen Itza, a Mayan Marvel M
· Cancun & Riviera Maya, Mex
【Senior(大學四年級'2024-25】
· 2025 2-Michelin Aquavit, NYC(
· 2025 Stern Baccalaureate Cerem
· 2025 2-Michelin Atomix, NYC(大
· 2025 NYU Commencement @ Yankee
· 2025 2-Michelin CTBF, NYC(大四
· 2025 Graduation Rehearsal, NYC
· 2025 2-Michelin Jean-Georges,
· 2025 Home Food Depot @ Spring
· 2025 1-Michelin Yingtao, NYC(
· 2025 3-Michelin Jungsik, NYC(
【Junior(大學三年級'2023-24】
· 2024 Med Bill on Bike Injury N
· 2024 Errand Run w/ the Junior
· 2024 3-Michelin Per Se, NYC(大
· 2024 A Lasting Imprint @ Sprin
· 2024 1-Michelin Gramercy Taver
· 2024 1-Michelin Estela, NYC(大
· 2024 Snow Pleasure of the Flee
· 2023 Convivial Lunches in Holi
· 2023 Reunion of GHCS Class 201
· 2023 Little Italy & Jiang
【Sophomore(大學二年級'2022】
· 2023 Quiet Quitting for Summer
· 2023 Cost of a Couch Potato(大
· 2023 Carpet Replacement @ Home
· 2023 House Interior Painting(
· 2023 Juneteenth @ Nectar, PA(
· 2023 Intern Move in E. Village
· 2023 Memorial @ Legal Sea Food
· 2023 Summer @ China Gourmet, P
· 2023 NYU Sophomore Move-out Da
· 2023 Spring @ Sang Kee Asian B
【Freshman(大學一年級'2021-】
· 2022 Freshman Life @ Washingto
· 2022 Freshman Move-out Day, NY
· 2022 Godspeed Spring Break in
· 2022 Hazy Shade of Winter of S
· 2022 Back-to-School Day in New
· 2022 1st Snowflakes in New Yea
· 2021 Liberty State Park, NJ(大
· 2021 Seaport, Trade & Tran
· 2021 A Flyaway Kite Move-in Da
【12th Grade(高中四年級'202】
· 2021 NPHS Commencement Ceremon
· 2021 Senior Class @ NPHS(高中
· 2021 The Progressive Tiger(高
· 2021 Thank-You Note to a Hist
· 2021 Thank-You Note to an Eng
· 2021 Sr. Prom(高中四年級·2021
· 2021 Special Talents(高中四年
· 2021 Shape Perspective & I
· 2021 Intellectual & Academ
· 2021 How to Use College Educat
【11th Grade(高中三年級'201】
· 2020 MISC Notes of Uniqueness(
· 2020 Critique—Deep Dive into a
· 2020 Dead Dog in the Street(高
· 2020 Film Criticism—Webs of In
· 2020 Film Criticism—Character
· 2020 Brains in Comedy(高中三年
· 2020 Prose Poem of the Graveya
· 2020 Free Summer English Writi
· 2020 Poem—What's in the C
· 2020 An Attempt on Leadership(
【10th Grade(高中二年級'201】
· Beijing, Last Day in Hometown
· Cheng Mansion Banquet, China(
· Nanjing, Ever Cry, Never Life
· Suzhou Museum, IM Pei Masterpi
· Suzhou, Shantang Hist Cultural
· Suzhou, Cold Hill Temple in Ch
· Suzhou, Tiger Hill of China(中
· Suzhou, Pan Gate Scenic Area i
· Suzhou, Venice of the East in
· Suzhou, Lion Grove Garden of C
【9th Grade(高中一年級'2017】
· Beijing, TongRenTang Chinese M
· Beijing, the Prosperous WangFu
· Beijing, Heart for Friendship
· Nanjing, Brotherly Affection i
· Shanghai, Nanjing Intercity Ra
· Shanghai, the Magic City of Ch
· Shanghai, Paris of the East in
· Shanghai Bund, Pearl of the Or
· Shanghai, Starbucks Reserve Ro
· Shanghai, a Bite of Local Cuis
【8th Grade(初中三年級'2016】
· Alpine Waterfront Towns, Swiss
· Einsiedeln, Abbey & Fondue
· Alpine Potpourri, Swiss(瑞士阿
· Lucerne, Pilatus the Dragon Mt
· Lucerne, Heart of the Country
· Lucerne, Salvation City of Swi
· Lucerne, Romantic Pearl of Swi
· Lucerne, the Mournful Lion Swi
· Lucerne, the Chapel Bridge Swi
· Lucerne, Variety of Standard S
【7th Grade(初中二年級'2015】
· 2016 MontCo Youth Field Day(初
· Windsor, the Royal Borough Eng
· Salisbury, Britain's Tall
· Ringwood, the Market Town Engl
· New Forest NP, the Royal Hunti
· Woodhenge, Neolithic Calendar
· Stonehenge, the Giant's R
· Seine Estuary, France(法國塞納
· Le Havre, the Rebuilt City FRA
· The Seine in Paris, France(法
【6th Grade(初中一年級'2014】
· Topkapi Palace in Istanbul, Tu
· Istanbul Straddling Asian &
· Grand Bazaar in Istanbul, Turk
· Golden Horn in Istanbul, Turke
· Bosporus Strait, the Narrowest
· Nessebar w/ Thracian Influence
· Constanta, the Oldest City ROU
· Bucharest, La Belle Epoque ROU
· Bucharest, Paris of the Balkan
· Dimitrie Gusti Natl Village Mu
【5th Grade(小學五年級'2013】
· 2014 Playdate on Labor Day(小
· 2014 Labor Day Weekend Bowling
· 2014 Labor Day Weekend Party(
· 2014 Last Day of GHCS Camp, PA
· 2014 Spoons Card Game @ GHCS C
· 2014 Origami @ GHCS Camp, PA(
· 2014 Yo Yo @ GHCS Camp-2(小學
· 2014 Last Week of GHCS Camp, P
· 2014 Reunion @ China Chalet, N
· 2014 Last Day of YMCA Camp(小
【小學四年級(4th Grade'2012】
· 四年級·費城自然博物館(2013 Aca
· 四年級·新州桑迪胡克國家休閒區(
· 小學四年級·蒙哥馬利郡青少年野
· 小學四年級·從美國奇幻小說了解
· 特州里霍博斯灣(Rehoboth Bay, N
· 2013 Lavner Video Game Design
· 小學四年級·從俄國浪漫到革命(Fr
· 小學四年級·賓州法國溪流州立公
· 2013 Drama Camp-5(小學四年級·
· 小學四年級·費城管弦樂團“體育大
【小學三年級(3rd Grade'2011】
· 小學三年級·巴西簽證紐約行(2012
· 小學三年級·蒙哥馬利郡青少年野
· 小學三年級·煙囪雨燕駐我家(2012
· 小學三年級·朋友生日聚會(2012 D
· 2012 Tennis Camp(小學三年級·網
· 2012 Music Man Jr. Stills(小學
· 2012 Music Man Jr(小學三年級·
· 小學三年級·水上派對(2012 Pool
· 2012 Camp Report(小學三年級·夏
· 2012 Drama Rehearsal(小學三年
【小學二年級(2nd Grade'2010】
· 2011 Drama-Sports Camp-5(小學
· 2011 Drama-Sports Camp-4(小學
· 2011 Drama-Sports Camp-3(小學
· 2011 Drama-Sports Camp-2(小學
· 2011 Drama-Sports Camp-1(小學
· 小學二年級·戲劇夏令營(2011 Dra
· 小學二年級·業餘活動(2011 Extra
· 小學二年級·夏令營(2011 Summer
· 小學二年級·結業典禮(2011 Year-
· 小學二年級·胚胎發育學(Embryolo
【小學一年級(1st Grade'2009】
· 澳洲藍山·國家公園和珍羅蘭岩洞(
· 澳大利亞悉尼·翡翠之城(Sydney,
· 澳大利亞艾爾斯巨石·烏魯魯國家
· 澳大利亞大洋路(Great Ocean Rd,
· 墨爾本·澳大利亞文化中心(Melbou
· 澳大利亞堪培拉·相約首都(Reunio
· 澳洲菲利普島·仙企鵝遊行(Philli
· 澳大利亞塔斯馬尼亞荒原(Tasmani
· 澳大利亞·騎在羊背上的國家(Ridi
· 新西蘭南島·峽灣國家公園(Fiordl
【學前班(Kindergarten'2008-】
· 牙買加八條河·熱帶天堂(Ocho Rio
· 哥斯達黎加·擁抱純淨生活(Costa
· 巴拿馬運河·海事工程奇蹟(Panama
· 哥倫比亞魔城·卡塔赫納(Cartagen
· 阿魯巴·開心之島快樂的選擇(Arub
· 佛羅里達州邁阿密·古巴風味(Miam
· 學前班·兩個星期(夏令營之後開學
· 學前班·算術—孩子的花銷(2009 Ma
· 學前班·夏令營(2009 Summer Camp
· 學前班·證書獎狀獎盃(2009 Award
【幼兒班(Preschool'2007-08)】
· “嘉年華·命運”號遊輪—人間煙火氣
· 波多黎各·嫵媚之島(Puerto Rico,
· 多米尼加·水淙石之國(Dominican
· 聖基茨和尼維斯·火山島(St Kitts
· 巴巴多斯·盛夏光年島(Barbados,
· 多米尼克·加勒比天然島(Dominica
· 美屬維京群島·聖托馬斯島(St Tho
· “挪威·阿羅哈驕傲”號—夏威夷州游
· 夏威夷州歐胡島·相聚之島(O'
· 夏威夷州考艾島·花園之島(Kaua&#
【萬花筒(Kaleidoscope)】
· 2025 Contest Traffic Violation
· 2025 Pickleball @ Guinea Lane
· 2025 Fascia Trim Repair Post-S
· 2025 Teachers' Appreciati
· 2025 CNY Gala @ CGCC, PA(賓州
· 2025 MRL Lunch for Year of Sna
· 2025 Guanghua Snake New Year G
· 2024 1st Snow on Winter Solsti
· 2024 Fun Games @ GHCS Field Da
· GHCS Opening for Academic 2024
【中美洲開曼群島(Cayman Is'】
【中美洲洪都拉斯(Honduras'2】
【中美洲伯利茲(Belize'2014)】
【非洲納米比亞(Namibia'2014】
【非洲贊比亞(Zambia'2014)】
【非洲津巴布韋(Zimbabwe'201】
【非洲馬達加斯加(Madagascar'】
【非洲肯尼亞(Kenya'2013)】
【非洲塞舌爾群島(Seychelles'】
【亞洲阿曼(Oman'2013)】
【Galapagos(南美洲達爾文群島】
【南美洲烏拉圭(Uraguay'2013】
【中美洲牙買加(Jamaica'2009】
【中美洲哥斯達黎加(Costa Rica�】
【中美洲巴拿馬(Panama'2009)】
【中美洲哥倫比亞(Columbia'2】
【中美洲阿魯巴(Aruba'2009)】
【中美洲波多黎各(Puerto Rico】
【中美洲多美尼加(Dominican Rep&#】
【中美洲聖基茨(St.Kitts'200】
【中美洲巴巴多斯(Barbados'2】
【中美洲多米尼克(Dominica'2】
【中美洲聖潔群島(Virgin Is'】
【夏威夷(Hawaii'2007)】
 
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