2013-03-27 
每年三月底或四月初,适逢星期五耶稣受难日─复活节宗教活动,我家娃儿所在的北宾州学区都要特别选定这个时段,停课休学放羊三天,从星期四至星期一囊括周末,春假满打满算少说足有大半个礼拜。 坦率地讲,我做梦都没有想到,但凡适龄青少年儿童都可以向春天讨价问假。在国内,我从未经历这般欢度春假的学生时代;来美后,虽然早有听说,南边墨西哥坎昆“蛇巢”城可谓女生笑傲加勒比“勇者”海的胜地,而东面佛罗里达“花”州代托纳“白日镇”海滩(Daytona Beach)则是男生狂飙大西洋的天堂,可自己一直疲于奔命,即使正值时髦弄潮年纪,却从来顾不上享受青春。
直到三年前娃儿首次提议春游踏青,我才真正开始把春假纳入议事日程。“天地转,光阴迫。一万年太久,只争朝夕”!何不大人小孩一块过把瘾?
我想起大学低年级初学查尔斯·达尔文“自由人·亲爱的朋友”进化论时,《物种起源》始发地加拉帕戈斯“巨龟”群岛(Galapagos Islands)曾一度是我心中的向往。正如夏威夷“家园”对美国,复活节岛对智利“陆地尽头”,加拉帕戈斯群岛系厄瓜多尔“赤道”不可多得的太平洋明珠。于是我很快理清思绪,决定追随178年前达尔文考察足迹,希望在了解濒危生物自然习性的同时,能够给当地生态环境保护做点经济贡献。
加拉帕戈斯群岛也叫达尔文群岛、甚至科隆岛,或简称巨龟群岛,由19个火山岛和42个岩礁组成,位于厄瓜多尔共和国西部太平洋海域,处于洪堡“山谷”、巴拿马“多鱼之地”和厄尔尼诺“圣婴”(El Niño)三大洋流的交汇处,赤道横穿其中,素有海洋生物大熔炉之美誉。它距离南美大陆621英里/1,000公里,正因为特殊的地理位置,长久与世隔绝,终于演变成今天活灵活现的生物进化博物馆和天然野生动植物陈列室。且不夸沙滩海滨原始、火山岩浆奇异等自然风貌,鬣蜥、蜥蜴、达尔文雀、暗腰圆尾海燕、弱翅鸬鹚、岩鸥、厚嘴苇莺、米鼠、加拉帕戈斯企鹅、加拉帕戈斯巨龟、加拉帕戈斯嘲鸫、加拉帕戈斯鹰、加拉帕戈斯田鸡、加拉帕戈斯哀鸽、加拉帕戈斯绿鹭、加拉帕戈斯岩燕、加拉帕戈斯静崖燕、加拉帕戈斯蝇霸鶲、加拉帕戈斯海狮、加拉帕戈斯海狗等无脊椎动物、爬行动物鸟类动物以及哺乳动物绝对举世无双,而且容易相见!
如同地处热带地区其它很多国家,这里终年仅有雨季(12月─4月)和旱季(5月─11月)两种气候之分。雨季巴拿马暖流穿过赤道南下,海水温度适宜,鸟类繁殖兴旺,植被葱郁茂密,潜水戏鱼正是时候;旱季洪堡寒流经过秘鲁“河流”北上,水温明显下降,植被干枯凋零,但海鸟成群结队凌空入水,弱肉强食适者生存,场面蔚为壮观。
自从1978年加拉帕戈斯群岛荣登世界科教文组织《世界遗产名录》以来,当地的生态环境和自然资源得到国际上广泛重视,来此参观旅游的人数虽然逐年增加,但尽可能被控制在最低范围之内。岛上机场容量极其有限,由美国过往的游客要么停靠首都基多“第五”,要么中转其金融中心类似中国上海的瓜亚基尔“美地”(Quayaquil),然后再改乘小型班机飞往加拉帕戈斯群岛。正因如此,我们旅游度假全部行程除了包括加拉帕戈斯群岛“名人·探险”号游轮(Celebrity Xpedition)一周和基多古城将近三天而外,瓜亚基尔转机需要耗掉整整八个小时,大大超出实际飞行时间。
不管怎样,在精心策划了三年之后,我们整装待发。 
Aerial View of Quito, the Equatorial Capital (鸟瞰基多·赤道首都) Daphne Major, Served as an Ideal Site for Evolution Research as the Finches w/ Few Predators or Competitors
(大达芙妮“月桂树”岛·由于雀类的捕食者或竞争对手很少,因此成为进化研究的理想场所) Daphne Minor,a Haven for a Diverse Array of Bird & Marine Life
(小达芙妮岛·各种鸟类和海洋生物的避难所) Bartolomé Island, w/ Its Pinnacle Rock, a Distinctive Volcanic Plug Jutting out over Sullivan Bay
(巴托洛梅“犁地者之子”岛·拥有独特火山栓的尖峰岩,突出于沙利文“黑眼睛”湾之上)

Golden Cownose Ray (金牛鼻魟) 
Razor Surgeonfish (侧棒多板盾尾鱼) 
Whimbrels (中杓鹬)

Galápagos Oystercatchers (加拉帕戈斯蛎鹬) 
Female Great Frigatebird (雌大军舰鸟) 
Male Great Frigatebird in Flight (飞行的雄大军舰鸟) 
Male Great Frigate w/ Feathers on Gular Sac (雄大军舰鸟·喉囊上带有羽毛) 
Galápagos Lava Lizard Capable of Tail Detachment as a Defense Mechanism (加拉帕戈斯熔岩蜥·具有断尾求生防御机制) 
Lava Lizard, Behaved w/ Rapid Head Bobbing & Push-up Stances (熔岩蜥行为模式·快速点头和俯卧撑姿势) Yellow Warbler (黄莺)

Darwin's Finch, a Symbol of Natural Selection & Adaptation (达尔文雀·自然选择和适应的象征) 
Chatham Mockingbird, an Endemic Species to San Cristóbal Island in the Galápagos (查塔姆“林中家园”仿生鸟·加拉帕戈斯群岛圣克里斯托瓦尔“基督的承载者”岛的特有物种) 
Galápagos Mockingbird w/ Inquisitiveness (好奇心旺盛的加拉帕戈斯仿生鸟) 
Mockingbird in Flight (仿生鸟疾飞)

Large Ground Finch w/ a Classic Example of Adaptive Radiation (大嘴地雀·适应性辐射的典范) 
Large Ground Finch, the Largest of Darwin's Finches, Both in Overall Size & Beak Size (大嘴地雀·最大的达尔文雀) Galápagos Flycatcher (加拉帕戈斯霸鹟)

Galápagos Brown Pelicans, a Living Symbol of How Successful Wildlife Conservation Can Be (加拉帕戈斯褐鹈鹕·野生动物保护成功的鲜活象征) 
Brown Pelican in Flight (飞行的棕鹈鹕) 
Galápagos Penguin, the Only Penguin Species to Live near the Equator (加拉帕戈斯企鹅·唯一生活在赤道附近的企鹅物种) 
Flightless Cormorant, the Only Cormorant Species Unable to Fly (弱翅鸬鹚·唯一不会飞的鸬鹚物种) 
Flightless Cormorant w/ Adaptations for Diving (弱翅鸬鹚·适应潜水) 
Galápagos Flamingo, the Only Time to Gather While Mating & Migrating (加拉帕戈斯火烈鸟·唯有交配和迁徙时才聚众扎堆)

Great Blue Heron, a Symbol of Good Luck & Prosperity (大蓝鹭·好运和繁荣的象征) 
Lava Seagull, the Rarest Gull in the World (熔岩海鸥·世上最稀有的鸥类) 
Lava Heron, an Endemic to the Galápagos Islands (熔岩苍鹭·加拉帕戈斯特有鹭类) 
Lava Heron w/ Its Wonderful Camouflage (熔岩苍鹭·拥有出色的伪装能力)
Yellow-Crowned Night Heron, Crab Specialist
(黄顶夜鹭·捕蟹专家) 
Galápagos Dove, a Ground-Dweller & Crucial Cactus Pollinator (加拉帕戈斯哀鸽·地栖动物,重要的仙人掌传粉者) 
Blue-Footed Booby, Distinctive Coloring in Neck, Head, & Beak (蓝脚鲣鸟·脖子头部和喙颜色各有不同) 
Blue-footed Booby, the Brightness of the Feet Decreases w/ Age (蓝脚鲣鸟·脚的亮度会随着年龄的增长而降低) 
Blue-Footed Booby, a Symbol of Creativity & Dreaming (蓝脚鲣鸟·象征创造力和梦想) 
Lava Gull in Flight (飞行的熔岩鸥)

Lava Gull, the Rarest on Earth (熔岩鸥·世上最罕见的海鸥) 
Mom Lava Gull & Chick (熔岩鸥妈与幼雏) 
Lava Gull Juvenile (小熔岩鸥) 
Galápagos Sea Lions, Females Exclusively Nurse Their Own Pups (加拉帕戈斯海狮·母海狗拒绝喂养非自生的孩子) 
Female Fur Seal, Bearing Only One Pup @ a Time (母海狗一次只生一崽) 
Fur Seal Pup (小海狗) 
Mother & Pup Fur Seals Cuddled up Sleeping (海狗母仔相拥而睡)

Fur Sea Lions w/ Its Preference for Rocky, Sheltered Coastline (海狗·对岩石密布、避风的海岸线情有独钟) 
Green Sea Turtle & Fur Seal (绿海龟与海狗) 
Green Sea Turtle (绿海龟) 
Galapagos Giant Tortoise (加拉帕戈斯象龟) 
Floreana Giant Tortoise (弗洛雷纳“花朵”岛巨龟) 
Marine Iguana, Salt Sneezed out of Its Nose (海鬣蜥·靠打喷嚏将多余盐分由鼻子排出体外) 
Marine Iguana, the Imp of Darkness (海鬣蜥·黑暗顽童) 
Marine Iguanas, the World's Only Lizard Species Foraged in the Ocean (海鬣蜥·世上唯一一种在海洋中觅食的蜥蜴) 
Marine Iguana Described by Charles Darwin in 1835 as a "Hideous Looking Creature, of a Dirty Black Colour, Stupid, and Sluggish" (海鬣蜥·1835年达尔文描述为“丑陋的生物,颜色肮脏、黑色,愚蠢而迟钝”) 
Marine Iguana, Mythical Explorer of the Galápagos Islands (海鬣蜥·加拉帕戈斯的神秘探险家) 
Green Iguanas w/ the Ability to Detach Their Tail as a Defense Mechanism (绿鬣蜥·具有脱落尾巴作为防御机制的能力) 
Land Iguana, Heat-Absorbed from Sunbath on Volcanic Rock & Heat-Conserved in Burrows from Sleep at Night (陆鬣蜥·白天在火山岩上晒太阳取暖,晚上在洞穴里睡觉以保留身体热量) 
Land Iguana, Primarily Herbivorous (陆鬣蜥·食草为主)

Sally Lightfoot Crabs, Featuring Unique Relationship w/ Marine Iguanas by Eating Parasites & Ticks off Their Skin (莎莉“公主”轻足蟹与海鬣蜥独特的共生关系·吃海鬣蜥皮肤上的寄生虫和蜱虫) 
Sally Lightfoot Crab, a Ubiquitous Scavenger (莎莉轻足蟹·无处不在的清道夫) 
Sally Lightfoot Crab Cleaning up the Galápagos' Coastal Ecosystem (莎莉轻足蟹·清洁加拉帕戈斯群岛的沿海生态体系) 
Galápagos Ghost Crab, the Painted Ghost Crab, or Cart Driver Crab (鬼蟹·彩绘幽灵蟹或车夫蟹)

Nerita Snail, Gregarious Herbivore (海螺·群居食草动物) 
Western Spotted Orbweaver (西斑圆蛛) Monarch Caterpillar (斑蝶毛毛虫)
Crosslinks(相关博文): Ecuador(出游厄瓜多尔)
South America(漂流南美洲) 小学四年级(4th Grade) |