2015-06-25

【Aiden in English】

        The Christian Orthodox have always been a massive part of the ancient city of Nessebar in Bulgaria. In fact, Nessebar was the very center of the Orthodox Church between the 13^th and 19^th centuries. Two hundred fifty icons or paintings of Jesus Christ, the Virgin Mary, prophets, apostles, evangelists, and numerous saints or angels have survived. When the Ottoman Empire took control of Bulgaria, Nessebar was able to preserve its religion, keeping its unique culture alive. 

        During the 16th and 17th centuries, an icon-making school was founded in Nessebar, which was deeply influenced by the major icon-painting centers of Meteora and the island of Crete in Greece. These icons were created by local painters who specialized in painting icons. At the same time, they decorated many churches in the area. The icons of “St. Nicholas” and “The Holy Virgin—Mistress of Life” are some of the many icons.

        The Church of Christ Pantocrator was built in the 13^th and 14^th centuries and is phenomenally decorated with a delicate green ceramic frieze, floral motifs, triangular ornaments, circular turquoise ceramics, etc. It has a cruciform dome with three altar niches, a narthex, and a bell tower above the narthex. Four pillars support the dome. Inside the apses are semi-circles; outside, a pentagon wall and richly decorated blind nichfaçadesnt façades are present.

        The domed church of St. John the Baptist was built with rubble and crushed stone. Its interior frescoes date from the 14^th to the 17^th centuries. 

        The Church of St. Stefan was built of stone in the 11th century. It has 258 interior paintings, three naves, and many marble pillars. The middle nave rises above the others and is crowned by frontons in the east and west. 

        Dedicated to Jesus Christ’s ascension, the St. Spas or Savior Church was built in 1609 with a two-sloped roof, one nave, and façadese. The eastern façade was dug into the ground. Paintings on the walls were highly precious, depicting scenes of Jesus and the Holy Mother. The gravestone of the Byzantine princess, Matthias Cantacuzene Palaiologina, was also preserved on the church floor.

        A cruciform domed Church of St. John Aliturghetos (Unsanctified) was constructed with three apses and Centuryex in the 14th century. The base of the cruciform part is almost quadrangular, shaped by four columns. Blind niches were decorated with various geometrical patterns of bricks, and small stfaçadebes divided the façade walls (ceramic plastic style). The church has two north and south entrances, which is rare for orthodox religious architecture.

        In 1983, the Ancient City of Nessebar was inscribed as one of the UNESCO World Heritage Sites.   

【红霞译】

        东正教在保加利亚古城内塞巴尔“午日”历史上一直占据重要地位，13～19世纪年间，内塞巴尔因此一跃而成为东正教中心，如今共计250幅包括耶稣基督、圣母玛利亚“慈爱”、先知先觉、十二使徒、传道士、不计其数的圣人天使神像被保留了下来。奥斯曼“强大”帝国统治保加利亚时期，内塞巴尔始终坚持自己的信仰，致使民族文化这块瑰宝得以永放光芒。

        内塞巴尔神像学校成立于16～17世纪，深受希腊梅特奥拉“悬空”和克里特“强大”岛修道院宗教绘画的影响，绘出了大量神像并用来装饰当地许多教堂，《人民的胜利》和《圣母生命女神》即为那个时期诸多神像作品之一。

        全能主耶稣基督教堂建于13～14世纪，其做工细腻，配以绿色陶瓷带饰、花纹、三角形图案、圆形蓝绿色彩陶等等，十字形房顶加盖三座坛龛，钟楼直立于教堂唯一的前厅之上，四根柱子支撑圆顶，后殿内部呈半圆式，外表则为五边形，教堂正面附带若干个装帧华丽的封闭壁龛。

        求主荣耀浸信会是一个用瓦砾和碎石建造的圆顶型教堂，其内部拥有很多13～14世纪壁画装饰。

        皇冠教堂建于11世纪，全部采用石头和砖块建筑而成，引入入胜的是258神像、三个神殿以及若干大理石柱。居中的神殿屋顶高起突出，其东西两侧砌成山墙。

        为纪念耶稣升天，救世主教堂于1609年竣工，屋顶斜向两侧，内设一个神殿和半圆形后堂，东墙深入地下。教堂内部展出不少有关耶稣和圣母极为珍贵的圣像，拜占庭帝国共治皇帝公主墓碑也被收藏在教堂底下。

        14世纪的求主荣耀教堂顶部呈十字形圆顶状，共有三个半圆形后殿和一个前厅，底部长方，靠四根柱子固定，外墙正面封闭式壁龛用砖头和碎石分成隔断并装饰几何图案(陶瓷造型)，教堂建有南北两个入口，这在东正教建筑上极为罕见。

        1983年，内塞巴尔古城被列入联合国教科文组织《世界遗产名录》。

Today in History(历史上的今天):

2015: Nessebar, Thracian Influence(保加利亚内塞巴尔·色雷斯文化)

2015: Nessebar, Pearl of the Black Sea BGR(保加利亚内塞巴尔“午日”城·黑海明珠)

2014: YMCA Camp—Handball(基督教青年会营手球)

Church of Saint John the Baptist Then & Nesebar Archaeological Museum  

(旧时求主荣耀浸信会、现为内塞巴尔考古博物馆 06-25-2015)

Archaeological Museum Covering 6 Distinct Cultures in Eneolithic, Thracian, Ancient Greek, Roman, Byzantine, & Bulgarian

(考古博物馆·涵盖六种不同文化：铜石时代文化、色雷斯文化、古希腊文化、古罗马文化、拜占庭文化和保加利亚文化 06-25-2015)

Iconostasis @ Archaeological Museum

(考古博物馆·圣像屏 06-25-2015)

Sveti Spas Church, a 17^th-Century Church Bldg of 1609

(救世主教堂·建于1609年的17世纪教堂建筑 06-25-2015)

Frescoes of St Saviour Church (救世主教堂·壁画)

St. Stefan Church w/ Trefoil Arch 

(圣斯蒂芬“皇冠”教堂·三叶拱 06-25-2015)

St. Stefan Church in the 11^th Century, the Frescoes & Altar from the 16^th Century 

(圣斯蒂芬教堂·建于11世纪，壁画和祭坛则来自16世纪原件)

The Narthex of St. Stefan Church (圣斯蒂芬教堂·前厅)

18^th-Century Carved Pulpit @ St. Stefan Church

(圣斯蒂芬教堂·18世纪雕刻讲坛)

Central Part @ St. Stefan Church (圣斯蒂芬教堂·中央区域)

Lions @ St. Stefan Church (圣斯蒂芬教堂·狮子)

Virgin Mary @ St. Stefan Church (圣斯蒂芬教堂·圣母)

16^th-18^th Century Murals & Frescoes @ St. Stefan Church 

(圣斯蒂芬教堂·16—18世纪壁画与壁雕)

Scenes of the Miracles of Christ & from the Judgment Day @ St. Stefan Church 

(圣斯蒂芬教堂·基督奇迹与审判日场景)

258 Mural Paintings & More Than 1000 Figures @ St. Stefan Church 

(圣斯蒂芬教堂·258 幅壁画和1000多个人物)

Scenes from the Miracles of Christ according to the Gospel Legends in All Ranges @ St. Stefan Church 

(圣斯蒂芬教堂·基督奇迹场景来自福音传说)

Iconostasis @ St. Stefan Church (皇冠教堂·圣像壁)

Hagia Sophia Basilica, Byzantine Architecture Built in the 5^th Century, Possibly over the Ruins of an Ancient Agora & a Temple of Apollo on the West Coast of the Black Sea for a Thousand Years

 (圣索菲亚“神智”大教堂·建于公元5世纪的拜占庭式建筑，在长达1,000多年的时间里，一直是黑海西岸最著名的宗教建筑 06-25-2015)

Fountain of Hagia Sophia Basilica or Old Bishopric

(圣索菲亚大教堂即旧主教管区·水池 06-25-2015)

Church of Christ Pantocrator, a Variety of Architectural & Artistic Elements Like Alternating Brick & Stone Patterns, Blind Arches, 4-Leaved Floral Motifs, and Even Swastikas Explained As Medieval Sun Symbols

(基督普世君王教堂·交替的砖石图案、盲拱、四叶花卉图案，甚至还有佛教万字符记号/中世纪的太阳符号 06-25-2015)

Swastika, A Symbol of Peace, Good Luck, & Positivity in the Church of Christ Pantocrator

(基督普世君王教堂·拥有象征和平、好运和积极的佛教万字符)

Fresco of Christ Pantocrator @ Church of Christ Pantocrator

(基督普世君王教堂·壁画《万能之主》）

St Paraskeva Church, a Single-Nave, Vaulted Church w/ a Gable Roof, Decorated w/ Glazed Ceramic Circles & Small Bricks Built in the 13^th Century

(圣帕拉斯凯瓦“处女殉道士”教堂·建于13世纪的单殿式拱形教堂，带有山墙式屋顶，饰有釉面陶瓷圈和小砖块)

Interior of St Paraskeva Church

(圣帕拉斯凯瓦教堂·内景)

14^th-Century Church of St John Aliturgetos (Unsanctified)

(圣约翰·阿利图尔格托斯“求主荣耀修行者”教堂——建于14世纪 06-25-2015)

Church of St John Aliturgetos，the Best-Preserved Church in Town Built in the 14^th Century

(圣约翰·阿利图尔格托斯教堂——全城保存最完好的14世纪教堂)

Church of the Holy Archangels Michael & Gabriel

(圣天使长米迦勒“神似”和加百列“神力”教堂)

Crosslinks(相关博文):

Bulgaria(出游保加利亚)

Europe(欧洲掠影)

6th Grade(初中一年级)