2013-10-06
【Aiden in English】 Writing stories is very hard. Sometimes, it can be frustrating since writing stories can be challenging. To start, you'll need to know what a story is. A story is a sequence of events that tells a story about something. Also, a story must have some problem and, of course, a solution. First, you need to catch the reader's attention. The title must capture the reader's attention and make the story sound engaging. The first chapter must also be excellent so the reader can continue reading. This doesn't mean that the rest of the book can be bad; it just means that the first part must be good enough to keep the reader engaged. Even though the reader liked the first part, they could always say the book was getting boring. Therefore, to keep the reader engaged, the story should include cliff hangers, where the chapter or section ends just as the climax begins, and foreshadowing, where a hint is given to the reader, indicating the next part of the story. This makes the story more provocative. It's almost like the author is urging the reader to continue, except it's more like the author is speaking through the story. A story must have a problem and a solution. Unlike an essay, if there isn't a problem, there isn't any reason to write a story, but essays don't have problems. The difference between a story and an essay is that a story is usually based on a single idea. Stories also include a setting and a plot and are often written for entertainment. Stories are born from the creativity of the mind. All you need is a pencil, paper, and a head bursting of ideas to make a story come to life. 【红霞译】
写故事是件苦差事,有时它甚至令人沮丧,因为故事确实难编。动笔前,你一定得想清楚要写的东西。一个故事讲述事件发生的经过,包括所遇到的某种问题,当然还有解决方案。 当务之急应该抓住读者的注意力。首先,标题必须醒目,这样才能吸引读者的眼球。开篇还得精彩,只有打动读者,才能确保读者继续跟读的愿望,之所以强调第一章,并不意味着其它部分不重要。
即使读者喜欢开头,并不等于喜欢全部,也许接下来后面的内容无聊得让他或她读不下去。若想让读者走进故事,故事本身应该扣人心弦,不妨在章节结束时不动声色地埋点伏笔,暗示读者即将出现的人物和发生的事件﹔或者浓墨重彩铺垫的内容,起承转合推动情节发展,给人一种趣味无穷的感觉。事实上,几乎所有执笔人写作本意都是想方设法吸引读者把故事念完,除非作者只是为了写给个人孤芳自赏。
故事必然涉及问题,有问题就得有解决办法。不像短文,没有什么状况发生。而故事则不同,否则就没有戏剧可言,故事因此也就失去了意义。写短文与编故事之间的区别在于,前者就事论事,后者涵括了背景、经过、还有充满娱乐性的情节。
故事出自脑力创造,你所需要不过是诸如铅笔、纸头之类的东西,还有让思想活灵活现的脑瓜。
【后记】 每年春季,宾州各公立中小学校都要组织由三~八年级全体小学生和初中生参加的学校评估体系(PSSA)统一测验,这是一年一度全州范围内的综合考试,除数学和阅读作为常规必考科目之外,还有一门不同的附加课考试,要么自然科学,要么写作文。州政府借助统考形式,期待督察教学质量,进一步提升师资水平,最终达到有效分配教育经费的目的。不像其它考试,紧张的是学生本人,悠闲的倒是任课老师,因为学生考试结果与老师生死存亡毫无关系。宾州学校评估体系测验则不同,一所学校能否获取州政府财政拨款,主要取决于统考成绩,如果平均成绩连续三年达不到及格标准,那么州政府将毫不留情地取消任何经济资助,该校定会面临关闭之灾,所以准确地说,统考矛头直指老师而不是学生,考好考坏并非影响学生升学,顶多关系到下一年度快慢分班。为了保护自身利益,提高名誉声望,各校从校长到教师自上而下对统考极度重视,甚至比以往任何时候更加在意考核结果,统考内容左右课堂教学方向,已经成为不争的事实。 既然教学大纲根据统考范围来定,那么首次参加统考的三年级学生基本上只需要把注意力集中到数学与阅读两门功课,尽管他们从前一年起就开始上社会常识课,正式接受科学教育。 四年级学生除数学和阅读外,需要应对自然科学。与三年级相比,其课业负担的确稍微加重了一点。 直至五年级作文提到议事日程之后,学生们才发觉真正较劲的时刻终于来了。眼下十岁左右的孩子虽然长篇虚幻小说读了很多,几何代数逻辑分析也见识了不少,但他们深感挥动笔杆子不如换算方程大快人心,只要脑袋灵光,刀山火海都不怕﹔舞文弄墨不及翻阅虚幻小说有趣过瘾,只要情节刺激,无论多长多厚的书籍定会一口气拿下。写东西之所以太繁琐,就是因为动手前必须全力考量能否扣住主题,能否提供充实的内容,能否把文字组织得有条有理,能否表现出特色笔风,能否准确应用语法段落、措辞拼写、标点符号,不然文章出手之后,自己都搞不清说了些什么。学生们心知肚明,要想把握这些元素,唯一的渠道恐怕离不开反复练习。无论如何,写作即将成为宾州公立学校五年级的重头戏。 上面一篇是我家童少最新带回家来要求家长签字的课堂习作,主要讨论如何写文章。 Today in History(历史上的今天):
2012: 小学四年级·纽约陶汉诺克瀑布州立公园(2012 Taughannock Falls SP, NY) 2007: 夏威夷州茂宜·山谷之岛(Mau'i, the Valley Isle in Hawaii)
Badminton Class (羽毛球班 09-15-2013)
Dribble (抽球 09-15-2013)
Crosslink(相关博文): 5th Grade(小学五年级) |