2015-06-20 
【Aiden in English】
Mount Olympus is the place of the Greek gods—twelve, to be exact. They are the Twelve Olympians, rulers in each aspect. Everything revolved around these gods, the Earth, and beyond. Zeus, the king of everything, rules with his specialty as the god of the skies. In Athens, Zeus is a celebrated god since he's the king. Zeus was the son of Kronos, a Titan. The story goes that Kronos killed his father, Uranus, the god of the sky, and the Golden Age of the Titans began. Kronos was superb, and he suspected that history would repeat itself and his children would someday overthrow him as he did. So, when he fell in love with a Titaness named Rhea, he swallowed his children. In total, Kronos swallowed six gods. Rhea was horrified by these incidents and decided to hide her newest child, Zeus, away. She faked Kronos into eating a rock instead. Don't ask me how, but if Kronos was that stupid, no wonder Zeus killed him later. So Zeus has hidden away on the island of Crete until he grows old enough. He overthrew Kronos and freed the six other gods whom he had swallowed. Athens was also celebrated, hence the name Athena. She is the goddess of wisdom and war tactics, usually in defensive strategies. She has been known as the goddess of wisdom since birth. One day, Zeus awoke with a terrible headache. He went to Hephaestus, the blacksmith god. Using a double-headed ax, Zeus asked for his head to be cracked open. If you can't get rid of a headache, bang it open, and don't come back saying it didn't get any better. So, out of Zeus's open skull (please do not try this at home) popped out Athena. It was logical to make her the goddess of wisdom. She is the patron goddess of Athens. However, there was a contest between Poseidon, the sea god, Zeus's elder brother, and Athena to see who Athens's patron would be. The contest was meant to determine who could provide the best gift to the city. Poseidon slammed the butt of his trident into stone, and a spray of water shot out. Athena introduced the olive tree to the Greek empire, symbolizing peace and victory. Now, this would've been a tough contest. The only thing was that Poseidon gave the people of Athens not just water but salt as well. So, what are you going to do with saltwater? Well, that's why Athena won. And so, in Athena's honor, the Parthenon was built on the Acropolis in 432 B.C., not to be confused with the Pantheon in Rome. The Parthenon was a temple at the time, probably the most significant architectural feat in the world. The structure itself was unique. A peculiar illusion that often occurs with large buildings is that Doric columns sometimes appear to bend outward. To counter that, the pillars holding a pediment were tilted centimeters inward from a vertical line. It was also the first to use 3D sculpting. Next to the Parthenon stood Poseidon's temple, or the Erechtheion, in 406 B.C., considering he was still crucial to Athens, although he had lost. The temple had a section of pillars replaced with six marble sculptures of ladies, with the roof being carried on their heads in the famous Porch of the Caryatids. The art world had finally broken through the barrier from 2D to 3D. The art of man had long awaited the moment and was glorious. Of course, nowadays, the British have taken everything and aren't going to give it back. But hey! Although they may have the artifacts, Greece has the history. The glorious moments of the Greeks can never be stolen. 【紅霞譯】
奧林匹斯山是希臘眾神的發源地，準確地說總共產生12位主宰宇宙萬物，天地人間所有一切都是它們創造的。
宙斯為雷霆神，是奧林匹斯十二神至高無上的主神，因其統治地位在雅典極受推崇，宙斯系泰坦“神族”克洛諾斯“諸神之王”的兒子，故事追溯到早前克洛諾斯曾弒殺親生父親烏拉諾斯“天穹神”並開創了神權貴族盛世新紀元。克洛諾斯能力超強且疑心極重，害怕歷史重演，擔心自己的孩子宙斯步其後塵，總有一天也會把他趕下台來，於是當與瑞亞“諸神之母”相愛之後，克洛諾斯乾脆吃掉所有新出生的孩子，前後一共有六位神靈夭折，瑞亞見狀驚恐萬分，決定要把即將問世的宙斯藏起來，她先騙丈夫吃下石頭，結果救了宙斯一命。千萬別問我怎麼回事，莫非克洛諾斯蠢得發愚，否則後來豈能讓兒子宙斯殺死，宙斯一直躲在希臘克里特“強大”島生活，推翻父王的同時還解救出其他六位被吞下的神靈。
雅典全城歡騰，由此取名雅典娜，雅典娜實為掌管智慧與戰爭(側重防禦戰略)的女神，聰穎且貌美，其出生方式更加與眾不同。話說有一天宙斯醒來感覺頭疼得厲害，便去找赫菲斯托斯“火神”並要他用雙頭斧將自個腦袋劈開，假如你無法消除頭痛，照例行事準保有效，千萬別怨這招不靈。宙斯頭顱大開(切忌在家效仿)，雅典娜趁機鑽了出來，所以說封她為智慧女神合情合理。雅典娜還是雅典的守護神，然而那是經過與波塞冬“海神”——宙斯的哥哥較量之後才獲此殊榮，比賽宗旨無非在於挑選誰最適合代表雅典。波塞冬將其三叉戟尾戳入岩石，一泉清水旋即噴射出來；而雅典娜則把象徵和平勝利的橄欖樹引入古希臘帝國，即使現在看來要想在這場鬥智比賽中取勝決非輕而易舉。當時波塞冬給雅典人不僅送上海水，而且還帶來咸鹽，但這些玩意能幹什麼？沒錯，這正是雅典娜巧勝之處。為了紀念雅典娜，雅典人於公元前432年在雅典衛城修建了帕特農“少女”神廟，切記這裡指的不是古羅馬萬神廟，帕特農神廟堪稱那個時代世界上最壯觀的祭祀殿堂，其結構獨一無二，不過高大建築常常令人產生錯覺，好像多立克石柱時不時朝外彎曲，為了矯正視差，建築師讓撐起山牆的支柱向內傾斜若干厘米，就這樣帕特農神廟便成為天下第一個擁有三維立體浮雕的建築。儘管波塞冬輸給了雅典娜，但雅典人依然尊重他，並在距離帕特農神廟不遠處建起波塞冬廟，也就是厄瑞克忒翁神廟，傳說它曾為雅典娜和波塞冬爭當雅典守護神的地方，神廟本身專設石柱門面，著名的“少女門廊”由六根大理石雕像柱組成，她們個個亭亭玉立，人人頭頂石板，世界藝術終於衝破束縛，在平面視覺的基礎上增添了立體效果，藝術家們得以如願以償並給人帶來美的享受。 當然英國人曾不失時機地將這裡的文物化為己有，至今尚無計劃退還任何收藏。嘿！即使希臘國寶被盜，絲毫改變不了先輩所創下的豐功偉績，希臘人輝煌的過去將永垂青史。
Today in History(歷史上的今天): 2015: Cape Sounion—Temple of Poseidon, GR(希臘蘇尼翁岬—波塞冬廟) 2013: 四年級夏令營(Fourth Grade Summer Camp) 2012: Descriptive─Poster(應用文—壁報) 2010: 陽光精神(Be Positive)  Acropolis of Athens Seen from the Hill of the Muses
(從繆斯“藝術女神”山上眺望雅典衛城 06-20-2015)
 Stairs Leading up to the Propylaea
(通往衛城山門的石階 06-20-2015)  Parthenon, a Monument to Democracy Built between 447 & 432 BC
(帕特農“少女”神廟·建於公元前447—432年間的民主紀念碑 06-20-2015)  Cecropia after the Legendary Serpent-Man, Cecrops, the Supposed 1st Athenian King
(半神廟·源於半人半蛇雅典首任國王 06-20-2015)
 Parthenon under Renovation, a Resplendent Marble Temple Dedicated to the Greek Goddess Athena
(維修中的帕特農神廟·供奉希臘女神雅典娜的華麗大理石神廟)  1st 3D Sculpted Pediment @ Parthenon on Earth
(帕特農神廟·天下第一個擁有三維立體浮雕的山牆)  Parthenon, a Symbol of Ancient Greece, Athenian Culture, & Democratic Ideals
(帕特農神廟·古希臘、雅典文化和民主理想的象徵 05-22-2001)
 Erechtheion Dedicated to the Worship of Athena Polias & Poseidon-Erechtheus
(厄瑞克忒翁“神話國王”神廟·祭拜雅典娜·波利婭斯“城市守護者”和波塞冬·厄瑞克透斯“海神” 06-20-2015)  Erechtheion w/ the Roof of the Porch Supported by 6-Female Caryatids Instead of Columns, Memorializing the Tomb of Cecrops, the Mythological Half-Serpent King of Attica
(厄瑞克忒翁神廟·門廊屋頂由6根女像柱支撐而非柱子，紀念阿提卡神話中的半蛇王刻克洛普斯之墓 05-22-2001)  Temple of Athena Nike w/ a Fresco of Nike Adjusting Her Sandal
(雅典娜·耐克“勝利女神”廟——浮雕《繫鞋帶的耐克女神》)  Odeon of Herodes Atticus, Built in the 2nd Century AD, Originally a Covered Theater Designed for Musical Performances
(希羅德·阿提庫斯“著名的雅典人”劇場·建於公元2世紀，最初用於音樂表演的室內劇場)  Detail of the Façade @ Odeon of Herodes Atticus
(希羅德·阿提庫斯劇場——外立面細節)  Odeon of Herodes Atticus Symbolizing the Fusion of Greek & Roman Cultures
(希羅德·阿提庫斯劇場·象徵希臘和羅馬文化的融合 06-20-2015) 
Philopappos Monument, an Ancient Roman Mausoleum & Monument Dedicated to Philopappus (65–116 AD), a prince from the Kingdom of Commagene (菲洛帕波斯“喜愛祖父”紀念碑·獻給科馬吉尼“古希臘—伊朗王國”王子菲洛帕波斯的古羅馬陵墓和紀念碑)  Natl Observatory of Athens & Church of St Marina
（雅典國家天文台與聖瑪麗娜“海洋”教堂)  Church of St Marina, Byzantine Architecture w/ Beautiful Frescoes & Incorporation of a 13th-Century Cave Church
(聖瑪麗娜教堂·13世紀帶有美麗壁畫的拜占庭式的洞穴教堂) 
Church of St Marina (聖瑪麗娜教堂·內景)
 Church of the Holy Apostles, the 1st Significant Church of the Middle Byzantine Period in Athens, Marked the beginning of the So-called "Athenian Type"
(聖使徒教堂·雅典中拜占庭“東羅馬”時期第一座重要的教堂，標誌着所謂“雅典風格”的開始) 
Interior of the Church of the Holy Apostles (聖使徒教堂·內景)
 Church of the Pantanassa, Dedicated to Panagia Pantanassa, Dated Back to the 10th Century
(帕納吉亞“聖母”教堂·建於10世紀，獻給帕納吉亞·潘塔納薩“聖母瑪利亞” 06-20-2015)
Icon of the Virgin Mary Believed to be Miraculous @ Church of the Pantanassa (帕納吉亞教堂·聖母神像具有神奇功能) 
Agios Eleftherios Church Almost Entirely Built w/ Reused Stone (聖埃萊夫塞里奧斯“自由”教堂·幾乎完全採用重複使用的石頭建造而成) 
Interior of Agios Eleftherios Church
(聖埃萊夫塞里奧斯教堂·內景)
 Metropolitan Cathedral of Athens, the Seat of the Archbishopric of Athens
(雅典大都會大教堂·雅典大主教區的所在地)  Interior of the Metropolitan Cathedral of Athens
(雅典大都會大教堂·內景) 
Archbishop Damaskinos of Athens, the Spiritual leader of the Greek Orthodox People of Athens & All Greece (雅典的大主教達馬斯基諾斯·雅典乃至全希臘東正教的精神領袖)  Natl Observatory of Athens, the Oldest Research Foundation in Greece, 1842
(雅典國家天文台·創建於1842年、希臘最古老的研究基金會)  Ancient Agora of Athens, the Heart of Athenian Democracy & Civic Life
(雅典古集市·雅典民主和公民生活的核心)  Stoa of Attalos, the 1st & Largest Shopping Center of Antiquity
(阿塔羅斯“商貿中心”柱廊·古代第一個也是最大的購物中心)
 Temple of Hephaestus, Well-Preserved Example of a Doric Temple Representing the Craftsmen of Ancient Greece
(赫菲斯托斯“火神”廟·保存完好的多立克柱式神廟之典範，象徵古希臘的工匠) 
Temple of Olympian Zeus & Arch of Hadrian (奧林匹亞宙斯廟與哈德良拱門)  Temple of Olympian Zeus, the Largest Temple w/ 104 Colossal Columns in Greece
(奧林匹亞宙斯廟·希臘最大的寺廟，擁有104根巨柱) 
Arch of Hadrian, the Symbol of Roman-Greek Unity (哈德良拱門·羅馬—希臘統一的象徵)  Monastiraki Square, a Central Point for the Area
(蒙納斯提拉奇“小修道院”廣場·網紅打卡區域 06-20-2015)
 Tzistarakis Mosque, an Ottoman Architecture Built in 1759
(齊斯塔拉基斯“下市場”清真寺·建於1759年，奧斯曼“天選之子”風格)  Flea Market @ Monastiraki Square
(小修道院廣場·跳蚤市場) 
Replica of the Choragic Monument of Lysicrates, the 1st Use of the Corinthian Order on the Exterior of a Bldg (呂西克拉底“釋放的力量”合唱團紀念碑復製品·科林斯式建築外牆的首次應用)
 National Archaeological Museum, Housing Artifacts from the Prehistoric Era to the Roman Period
(國家考古博物館·收藏史前至羅馬時期的文物)  Mask of Agamemnon in 1,550 BC
(公元前1550年的阿伽門農“堅決”面具)  Statues of Kuros from the Archaic Period, Roughly Between 800 & 500 BCE, Marking the Transition from the Greek Dark Ages to the Classical Period
(古風“古代”時期的庫羅斯“年輕人”雕像·大約公元前800年—500年間，標誌着希臘黑暗時代向古典時代的過渡)  Mural of Thera (錫拉“狩獵”島的壁畫)
 Panathenaic Stadium, the Venue for the 1st Modern Olympic Games in 1896
(雅典運動場·1896年第一屆現代奧運會的舉辦地)  Olympic Stadium, the Only Stadium in the World Built Entirely of Marble
(奧林匹克體育場·世上唯一一座完全用大理石建造的體育場)  Plaka, the Neighborhood of the Gods
(普拉卡“古雅典”·眾神鄰居 06-20-2015)
Presidential Guards Evzone Changing @ Tomb of the Unknown Soldier (2001年總統衛隊在《無名烈士碑》前進行衛兵交接儀式)  Tomb of the Unknown Soldier
(2015年總統衛隊在《無名烈士碑》前進行衛兵交接儀式)
 Mount Lycabettus, the Highest Hill of the Capital @ 277 Meters / 909 Feet
(利卡貝托斯“狼走過”山·首都最高峰，海拔277米/909英尺)  Metropolitan Athens (雅典大都會)
 Tram Athinas (雅典有軌電車)
 Piraeus Marina (比雷埃夫斯“雅典港”遊艇碼頭)
 Piraeus Port (比雷埃夫斯港)
 The Tomb of Themistocles @ Piraeus Port
(比雷埃夫斯港·“法典榮耀”之墓)  Piraeus, the Port City (比雷埃夫斯市·港口城)
Waterfront @ Piraeus (比雷埃夫斯市·前海沿)
 Sunset @ Saronic Gulf (薩羅尼克灣·日落 06-20-2015)
 Sunset (日落)
 晚餐：奶油洋薊濃湯、串烤大蝦與紅椒杏仁醬、地中海菠菜蘸醬、路易斯安那“著名戰士”辣醬燒小龍蝦蓋飯
 意餃和菠菜營養雞湯、西洋菜紅蘿蔔卷心萵苣沙拉、純番茄醬貝殼意面、熱扁豆沙拉蒸鱈魚
 傳統紐約奶酪蛋糕、三色冰激凌·奶油杏仁、巧克力塊與哈密瓜冰糕
Crosslinks(相關博文): Greece(出遊希臘)
Europe(歐洲掠影) 6th Grade(初中一年級)
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