2021-12-26 National Candy Cane Day 
【Thirteen Ways of Looking at a Blackbird·XI (1917)】
Wallace Stevens (1879—1955) He rode over Connecticut In a glass coach. Once, a fear pierced him, In that he mistook The shadow of his equipage For blackbirds. —— • —— • —— • —— • —— • —— • —— • —— 【《观赏黑鹂鸟的十三种方式》之十一(1917年)】 异乡人•史蒂文斯(1879生—1955卒) 【红霞译】 他驾驭玻璃马车 驰骋长潮汐河之州。 恐惧掠过心头， 一度错把 车马的影子 当成黑鹂鸟。 【注】东部州立教养所位于费城市区内，前后总共运营了142年(1829—1971)，不仅算作世界上第一个真正的监狱，而且还属于全美有史以来规模最大且造价最高的公共建筑，旨在借助教育手段即“宾州体制”帮犯人改过自新而非通过惩罚方式即“纽约体制”让犯人洗心革面。1829—1913年间，该监狱一直实施单独拘押囚犯，后因人满为患，不得不从1913年起改成集体监禁。 值得强调地，创立教养所的初衷是为了阻止犯罪，因此监狱设计采用新哥特式风格，整个建筑物外观类似于中世纪城堡，藉之将害怕、深渊、诅咒、死亡等标志性元素发挥得淋漓尽致，让那些想要犯罪的人们充满恐惧、黑暗、孤独、绝望…… 这里曾羁押过两名臭名昭著的囚犯：绰号为“疤面煞星”的黑帮老大——守望先锋·卡彭(Al Capone)和素有“圆滑干将”之称的银行劫匪——统帅·萨顿(Willie Sutton)，而守望先锋·卡彭后来还在旧金山恶魔岛(Alcatraz)蹲过联邦班房。 其实最为震撼海内外的奇谈案例莫过于1924年，宾州州长勇敢给予者·平肖(Gifford Pinchot)在东部州立教养所将自己贴心的黑猎犬“活力”(Pep)判处无期徒刑，起诉牠谋杀了其夫人可爱的猫。不过狗被监禁的真正原因始终是人们争论的话题，有报道称州长实际上将狗捐赠给监狱以提高囚犯从善如流的士气。无论缘由如何，“活力”从此在万圣节那一天成为“墙后恶作剧”(Terror behind the Walls)无可或缺的主角。 费城东部州立教养所已载入《国家史迹名录》。 Today in History(历史上的今天)： 2016: Santa Monica—Home of the Homeless, CA(加州圣莫尼卡流浪者之家) 2016: Ronald Reagan Presidential Library, CA(加州里根总统图书馆) 2015: Post-Christmas Party(圣诞节过后聚会) 2015: Washington DC Temple, MD(马里兰州华盛顿特区摩门教圣殿) 2014: Christmas Night, Christmas Lights(圣诞夜晚与圣诞彩灯) 2013: Tsavo NP, Kenya(肯尼亚察沃国家公园) 2012: Amalia Tidewater Glacier, Chile(智利阿玛莉亚潮汐冰川) 2009: 新西兰达尼丁一南方的爱丁堡(Dunedin—Edinburgh of the South, NZ)  Aerial View via Google Earth
(从谷歌地球鸟瞰监狱全景)
 Exterior w/ 1st Inmate in 1829, Closed in 1971 & Reopened as a Museum in 1994
(监狱外观·1829年羁押第一名囚犯，1971年关闭，1994年作为博物馆重新开放)  Former American Prison (美国老监狱)
Façade of the Main Tower (主塔正面观 12-26-2021) 
Interior of the Main Tower (主塔内侧观) 
Gargoyle (蒲公英)  Excise Area (放风区)
A Chain Link Fence atop the Outfield Wall (外场墙上的铁丝网围栏 12-26-2021)  Guard Tower (警卫塔)
No Access from Outside of the Guard Tower (警卫塔门·不能从狱墙外侧入内)
Control Tower, Emphasizing Reform rather than Punishment & Serving as a Model for Penitentiaries Worldwide (控制塔·着眼于教养而非劳改，为世界监狱树立榜样 12-26-2021)  In 1924, PA Governor Gifford Pinchot allegedly sentenced Black Retriever Pep to a life sentence for killing his wife's cherished cat or he donated his own dog to increase inmate morale.
(传说：1)宾州州长黑色猎犬“活力”因谋杀州长夫人猫而被判处无期徒刑；2)宾州州长将狗捐给监狱以鼓励囚犯士气。) 
Inmate Black Retriever Pep (囚犯黑猎犬“活力”)  Solitary Confinement System by 1913 & Congregate Prison by 1971
(截至到1913年为止的单独监禁制度和截至到1971年为止的集体监狱) 
Vaulted, Sky-lit Cells once Held Many of America's Most Notorious Criminals, including Bank Robber Slick Willie Sutton & Al Capone (拱形、天井自然光牢房·曾经关押过许多包括银行抢劫惯犯统帅·萨顿和守望先锋·卡彭在内名昭著的罪犯)  7 Cellblocks Radiated from a Room known as Center to Promote Watching, Convenience, Economy & Ventilation
(三个单元·从圆厅辐射出七个牢房分区以便看守、无忧、经济和通风)
A Rusty Bed Frame, a Cast-Iron Toilet & Dead Eye or Eye of God (生锈的床架、铸铁马桶和死眼或“上帝之眼”)  Al Capone's Cell (守望先锋·卡彭牢房)
Al Capone's Cell's Door (守望先锋·卡彭牢房门)  Al Capone's Redesigned Cell w/ Luxuries Including an Armchair, Oriental Rug, Decorative Lamps, a Radio, & an Armoire, in addition to Other Creature Comforts
(重新设计的“守望先锋·卡彭”牢房·包括扶手椅、东方地毯、装饰灯、收音机和衣橱以及其它生活舒适用品)  Art Installation in a Cell by Jesse Krimes Called Apokaluptein or Uncover 16389067II
(牢房艺术装置——礼物·克里姆斯所谓“发现16389067II”) 
Cellblock 2 Housed w/ Freda Frost who was convicted of poisoning her husband for nearly 100 Years in 1923 became the last female inmate to leave the prison. (牢房二区·1923年被判毒死丈夫而囚禁近100年的和平·弗罗斯特成为最后一名出狱的女囚犯) 
Cellblock 3 (牢房三区)  A Child-Sized Door (孩童大小的门)
Cellblock 4, One of the Most Haunted Locations in the World (牢房四区·世上最闹鬼的地方之一) 
Cellblock 5, Deteriorated between the time it closed as a prison in 1971 & when it opened for tours in 1994 (牢房五区·从1971年监狱关闭到1994年开放期间损坏状况)  Weather the Elements & Fall Prey to Vandals in Cellblock 5
(牢房五区·自然风化与劫匪破坏)  Lobby of Cellblock 6 (牢房六区·门厅)
 Cellblock 6 w/ 2-Story Cell Blocks, the Largest & Most Expensive Public Structure ever Erected
(2层楼高的牢房六区·有史以来最大、最昂贵的公共建筑)
Cellblock 8 (牢房八区)  Deadly Weapons w/ Shoelaces (用鞋带做致命武器)
Chaplain's Office (牧师办公室)  Exterior of the Death Row Cellblock w/ No Executions ever
(没有执行过处决的死囚牢房区外观)  Death Row Cellblock w/ Electric Panel (死囚牢房区·电门)
 Death Row Cells (死囚牢房)
Guard House (警卫室)  House in cells w/ a Small Exercise Yard Attached to the Back of the Prison
(监狱与其连接在牢房后面的小操场)  House in cells w/ a Small Exercise Yard Attached to the Back of the Prison
(监狱与其连接在牢房后面的小操场)  Gate of Penitentiary Hospital (监狱医院大门)
Penitentiary Hospital (监狱医院) 
Tuberculosis Cell w/ Fresh Air Above the Hospital Block in Penitentiary Hospital (监狱医院·肺结核病房上方带有通风的门窗)  Feeding Hole in Penitentiary Hospital (监狱医院·送饭孔)
Operating Rm w/ Solarium Sunlight in Case of Blackout (带有天窗的手术室·以防断电)  Vaulted, Sky-lit Cells Held ca. 80,000 People during 142 Years of Operation
(拱形、天井自然光的牢房·大约羁押过80,000名囚犯并且运营了142年)  Pictures of Victims Killed by Inmates Incarcerated here
(关押在此被囚犯杀害的受害者照片)
Reflection Mirror (反光镜)  Rigid, strict & hopeless Solitary Confinement system, and in its effects to be cruel and wrong
(僵化、严格和绝望的单独监禁制度，其后果是残酷及错误的)  Rotunda and Links Roofing (圆厅与顶梁)
 Soup Alley, Serving Windows on the Way to the Dining Hall
(汤巷·去食堂的路上领取窗台) 
Impregnable Bastion (铜墙铁壁)  Prisoners Committed Crimes Ranging from Shoplifting to Murder
(囚犯从入店行窃到谋杀各有不同) 
Every 2 weeks taken from their cells to bathe but were forced to wear hoods so they couldn’t see where they were going or catch a glimpse of another inmate (每两周被带出牢房洗澡，但被迫戴上头罩，这样他们就看不到自己要去哪里，也看不到其他囚犯)  Fairmount in Philly (费城美山区)
 Francisville in Philly (费城创新区)
Fare Bar & Restaurant in Philly (费城饭菜酒吧与餐厅)  Alcatraz Island (恶魔岛)
Alcatraz Is Golden Gate Natl Rec Area (恶魔岛金门国家游乐区 03-14-2009)  Alcatraz Citadel w/ Lighthouse Tower
(恶魔城堡与航标灯塔)  An Exterior View of the Alcatraz Main Cell Block from the Exercise Yard
(从运动场看恶魔岛主牢房外观 03-14-2009) 
Cellblocks of Alcatraz Federal Penitentiary (恶魔岛联邦监狱牢房 03-14-2009)  Al Capone's Cell 181 in Alcatraz
(恶魔岛联邦监狱——守望先锋·卡彭181号牢房) Crosslink(相关博文):
USA(出游美国)
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