(The cost of Trump's tariff war on China still waits to be calculated, but that war will cost US manufacturers and companies in many ways. Those US manufacturers using Chinese components will have to pay a higher price for parts they use to manufacture in the US . Those US manufacturers who manufacture in China will have to pay a higher tariff when they sell their products to the US. They will be less competitive than before. The supply chains for any manufacturer are set up over time. They cannot be rearranged instantly. Trump will be enemy to those manufacturers whose supply chains are already set up. Those companies that sell Chinese products will suffer since their cost will rise. With higher cost, they would have to reduce employment of US retail workers to stay competitive and viable. US workers will be hurt by Trump's tariff war.) 川普總統下月6日起將對中國商品課重稅,引擎製造商康明斯公司(Cummins)等從自營的中國工廠進口商品的美國企業紛尋解套措施。美國加徵歐洲汽車及其零件關稅,也傷害了在美生產的歐洲車廠銷售。 康明斯分銷部門總裁宋騰明(Tony Satterthwaite)說:「這是頭痛的大問題,改變供應鏈不是三周的事。」康明斯拒絕透露從中國進口且可能遭課稅的產品數量和預期損失,但表示可能漲價或犧牲毛利率以保護銷售。 美國對中國的500億元商品課稅,而中國可能針對美國農產品和汽車徵稅25%。近年許多美國企業透過自由貿易協定和成本效益拓展國際事業,但美中關稅貿易戰成為他們始料未及的障礙。 德國戴姆勒集團(Daimler AG)示警,中國對美國汽車施加的進口稅,恐傷害在阿拉巴馬州打造的賓士(Mercedes-Benz)車款銷售和利益。半導體產業也可能受影響,因為許多美國晶片製造商在中國生產零件。 康明斯表示,關稅將造成引擎及其相關機具漲價,而這些價格已受鋼鋁稅造成的鋼價上漲而上升。中國占康明斯去年204億銷售額的十分之一,中國的報復關稅不會傷到它,因為康明斯在當地產銷多數引擎和零件,反而是美國對加拿大、墨西哥和歐盟施加的報復性關稅,恐傷害在美生產後外銷的引擎。 歐盟22日起對美國威士忌、牛仔褲和機車等產品課徵報復性關稅,以回應美國對歐盟施加鋼鋁稅。川普推文寫道,「基於歐盟長久對美國、偉大的公司及工人設下的關稅與貿易壁壘,若這些關稅和壁壘不迅速被打破和消除,我們將對進入美國的所有汽車徵收20%關稅。」 受影響最劇的德國賓士、BMW和福斯(Volkswagen)都已在美設廠製造,雇用2萬多名美國勞工。研究機構Cox Automotive分析師瑞貝卡.林德蘭(Rebecca Lindland)說,車價若突漲兩成會傷害銷售,在歐美的投資都會減少,也會影響車商聘雇情況,他們的雇員比組裝廠工人還多。
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